Term
| 1. #3 What is the definition of Radiation, as given in the notes? |
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Definition
| - Energy in motion through space and/or matter |
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Term
| 2. #4 Please list the 12 sources of Radiation and place into the two categories I gave you, be sure to name the categories, as given in the notes. |
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Definition
- Spectrum Order
- Radio Waves, Microwaves, Infrared, Visible light, Ultraviolet light, X-rays and Gamma rays (RIM VUX G)
- Non Spectrum Order
- Protons, Neutrons, Electrons, Beta Particles and Alpha Particles (P BEAN) |
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Term
| 3. #7 Please describe Non-Ionizing Radiation and list the 5 examples of this type of Radiation as given in the notes. |
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Definition
- Lacks the energy to knock an electron out of orbit
- Radio Waves, Microwaves, Infrared, Visible Light and Ultraviolet light (VIRUM) |
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Term
| 4. #8 Please describe Ionizing Radiation and list the 7 examples of this type of Radiation as given in the notes. |
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Definition
- Has the energy to knock an electron out of an orbit
- X-rays, Gamma rays, Protons, Neutrons, Electrons, Beta Particles and Alpha Particles (P BEAN GX) |
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Term
| 5. #10 & 11 Please explain Particulate Radiation using the 6 items in the notes and list the 5 examples given in the notes. |
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Definition
- Protons, Neutrons, Electrons, Beta Particles and Alpha Particles
- High speed (below speed of light) submolecular particles. Arise from decay of radioactive atoms. Cause more damage to tissue than Electromagnetic radiation because has mass and weight. |
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Term
| 6. #10 & 12 Please explain Electromagnetic Radiation using the 6 items in the notes and list the seven (7) examples given in the notes. |
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Definition
- Radio Waves, Microwaves, Infrared, Visible Light, Ultraviolet Light, X-rays and Gamma Rays
- Travels at the speed of light. Called Photons or Quanta. No mass or weight. |
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Term
| 7. #15 What are the three Sources of Radiation as given in the notes? |
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Definition
| - Natural, Artificial and Technological |
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Term
| 8. #17 What (how much) is considered to be the average radiation exposure to Americans annually as given in the notes? And what would be the equivalent number of X-rays as given in the notes? |
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Definition
| - 360 mrem/year. Equal to 36 chest x-rays. |
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Term
| 9. #20 & 34 In exposure from NBR (natural background radiation) which is thought to be the largest contributor and what is the mrems/yr exposure as given in the notes. |
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Definition
| - Radon 222 exposes 198 mrem/year, which is 55% of all radiation and 67% of natural background radiation |
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Term
| 10. #59 Regarding the average annual radiation equivalent dose in the US, what is the mrem/year dose for medical X-rays, as given in the notes? |
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Definition
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Term
| 21. #5 Please define the unit of measure called the Radiation Absorbed Dose RAD, as given in the notes. |
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Definition
| - The actual energy absorbed per unit of mass of tissue |
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Term
| 22. #6 What is the rad/R ratio of bone vs. soft tissue regarding absorbed dose, as given in the notes? |
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Definition
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Term
| 23. #8 What is the importance of absorbed dose in tissue like bone vs. soft tissue, as given in the notes? |
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Definition
| - The biological effects of ionizing radiaton is closely associated with RAD. |
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Term
| 24. #9 Please define the unit of measure called Rad Equivalent Man (REM), as given in the notes. |
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Definition
| - The universal unit used to represent an equal magnitude of biological effects applied to all types of radiation. |
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Term
| 25. #10 In the example of differences in biological effects of radiation what is the underlying reason for the differences, as given in the notes? |
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Definition
| - The difference is in the nature of the radiation. The RAD may represent equal absorbed doses in tissues, but not equal biological effects of that radiation |
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Term
| 26. #14 What are the Weighting Factors for X-ray and Alpha Particles to be used in the Equivalent Dose formula HTR = WRDTR when determining radiation dose? |
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Definition
X-ray: 1
- Alpha Particles: 20 |
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Term
| 27. #19 What are the Weighting Factors for gonads and Thyroid to be used in the Equivalent Dose formula HTR = WRDTRWTR, when determining the individual tissue does of radiation? |
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Definition
Gonads: 0.2
- Thyroid: 0.05
***MULTIPLY BY THIS NUMBER TO GET SPECIFIC DOSE, AND NUMBER OF X-RAYS*** |
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Term
| 28. #26 Please define the unit of measure called the Electron Volt (eV), as given in the notes. |
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Definition
| - A unit of X-ray Energy- also used to measure the energy of electrons in a circuit of an atom. |
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Term
| 29. #35 Define Electron Binding Energy as it applies to the electron of an atom, as given in the notes. |
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Definition
| - Amount of energy it takes to overcome the binding force, by raising the electrons from a negative energy state to 0. Electrons closer to the nucleus have a higher binding energy. |
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Term
| 30. #44 What is “equilibration of energy” as given in the notes? |
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Definition
| - When a bound electron is removed from orbit, a higher potential energy electron takes its place and the energy is released in the form of x-ray and heat. |
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Term
| 31. #3 What are the 2 types of electricity and define them as given in the notes? |
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Definition
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Term
| 32. #4 What are the 2 types of Dynamic Electricity and define them as given in the notes? |
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Definition
| - Alternating Current & Direct Current |
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Term
| 33. #7 What are the 2 types of Direct Current and define them as given in the notes? |
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Definition
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Term
| 34. #11-14 What are the 3 basic factors of a circuit and define them as given in the notes? |
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Definition
- Voltage: The force applied to electrons to move them
- Current: The rate of flow of electrons (measured in amps)
- Resistance: The opposition to electron flow (measured in ohms) |
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Term
| 35. #14 Explain Ohm’s Law as given in the notes. |
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Definition
| - Voltage = Current x Resistance… the voltage across the total circuit is equal to the current resistance |
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Term
| 36. #16 Define Electromagnetic Radiation as given in the notes. |
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Definition
| - An electrical and magnetic disturbance traveling through space at the speed of light. |
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Term
| 37. #17 What are the 3 parameters describing the waveform of an EM photon as given in the notes? |
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Definition
| - Frequency, Wavelength and velocity |
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Term
| 38. #19 Define Frequency as given in the notes. |
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Definition
| - The number of cycles per second |
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Term
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Definition
| Higher frequency and shorter wavelengths |
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Term
| - Hard X-rays (more penetrating): |
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Definition
| short wavelengths with higher energy… more frequency |
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Term
| - Soft X-rays (less penetrating): |
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Definition
| longer wavelengths and lower energy… less frequency and more absorbed in the body |
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Term
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Definition
| Lower frequency and longer wavelengths |
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Term
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Definition
| Electrons at rest building up on one object and transferring to another by static discharge |
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Term
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Definition
| Electrons in continuous motion in a circuit |
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Term
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Definition
| The movement of electrons that constantly change speed and direction of flow. Waves of flow are called frequency |
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Term
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Definition
| The movement of electrons in one direction |
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Term
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Definition
| Remains continuous at peak voltage |
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Term
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Definition
| Non-uniform but continuous, the peak voltage is not maintained consistently as voltage rises and falls |
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