Term
| a fracture that does not break the skin or communicate with the outside environment. (aka Simple fracture) |
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Definition
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Term
| a fracture that penetrates the skin over the fracture site |
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Definition
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Term
| a fracture in which two or more bony fragments have separated. If a triangular cortical fragment is isolated, this is called a butterfly fragment, and is usually found on the concave side of the injury. |
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Definition
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Term
| a fracture that penetrates completely through the bone, separating the bone into two fragments |
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Definition
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Term
| incorporates tearing a portion of the bone away due to a forceful muscle contracture or ligamentous force overload. |
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Definition
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Term
| a fracture in which a portion of the bone is driven into the adjacent segment |
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Definition
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Term
| an inward bulging of outer bone surface |
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Definition
| Depressed impaction fracture |
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Term
| decreased size of the involved bone owing to trabecular telescoping |
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Definition
| Compression impaction fracture |
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Term
| A fracture that involves the entire cross section of bone |
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Definition
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Term
| fractures where the bone only breaks on one side, an angular deformity is common (examples include Greenstick fractures in kids & Torus Fractures). |
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Definition
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Term
| Fracture through a bone that is weakened by a localized or systemic disease process |
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Definition
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Term
| Fracture caused by repetitive stress, causing a gradual weakening of bone formation, due to the fact that the restorative process of the bone cannot keep pace with the rate of bone destruction |
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Definition
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Term
| commonly occurs in long bones. Its course is about 45 degrees to the long axis of the bone |
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Definition
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Term
| Torsion coupled with axial compression and angulation. The ends of this fracture are pointed like a pen |
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Definition
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Term
| This fracture runs at a right angle to the long axis of the bone. Not common in healthy bone, but frequently seen is diseased bone |
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Definition
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Term
| a description of when the fractured occurred and how it is healing or if it has healed |
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Definition
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Term
| This stage lasts about 30 days and is further divided into 3 phases each lasting 10 days |
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Definition
| CIRCULATORY or INFLAMMATORY STAGE |
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Term
| The first phase is the cellular phase. During this phase the injured cells and hematoma incite a cellular inflammatory response. |
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Definition
| CIRCULATORY or INFLAMMATORY STAGE |
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Term
| The second phase is the vascular phase. During this phase a specialized circulatory network develops at the site of fracture. This augments blood flow to the injured area creating passive hyperemia occurs that promotes active secretion of osteoid matrix by the mesenchymal cells. |
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Definition
| CIRCULATORY or INFLAMMATORY STAGE |
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Term
| The third phase is the primary callus phase. In this phase a callus of plastic exudate and tissue develops around the ends of the fracture fragments. The callus will eventually unite the fragments of bone. During this phase cellular elements will form undifferentiated mesenchymal cells. |
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Definition
| CIRCULATORY or INFLAMMATORY STAGE |
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Term
| In this stage a more orderly secretion of callus and the removal and replacement of coarsely woven osteoid by a more mature form of bone. This process mimics the general remodeling process that occurs during normal growth and development. |
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Definition
| REPARATIVE or METABOLIC STAGE |
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Term
| This stage involves the realignment and remodeling of bone and callus along lines of stress. Extra bone is deposited in stress lines and removed in areas in which stress is not applied. |
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Definition
| REMODELING or MECHANICAL STAGE |
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Term
| arterial injury, compartment syndromes, gas gangrene, fat embolism syndrome, & thromboembolism |
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Definition
| Immediate complications to healing |
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Term
| osteomyelitis, hardware failure, reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome, post-traumatic osteolysis, refracture, myositis ossificans, synostosis, & delayed union |
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Definition
| Intermediate complications to healing |
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Term
| Osteonecrosis, DJD, lead arthropathy and toxicity, osteoporosis, aneurysmal bone cyst, non-union, & malunion |
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Definition
| Delayed complications to healing |
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Term
| Complete loss of contact between usual articular components |
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Definition
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Term
| Partial loss of contact between usual articular surface components of a joint |
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Definition
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Term
| Displacement or frank separation of a slightly moveable joint (syndesmosis) |
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Definition
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Term
| Isolated fracture through the growth plate |
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Definition
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Term
| Injury through the displaced growth plate, which carries a corner of the metaphysis. This is the most common epiphyseal injury accounting for 75% of all epiphyseal injuries |
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Definition
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Term
| The fracture line is directed along the growth plate and then turns toward the epiphysis. The end product is a intra-articular fracture. |
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Definition
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Term
| Fracture is obliquely/vertically oriented that passes through the epiphysis, growth plate, and metaphysis. |
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Definition
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Term
| Results due to a compressive deformity of the growth plate. This is the least common of all Salter-Harris lesions. The x-rays will appear normal, but no growth will occur at the growth plate. |
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Definition
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Term
| This fracture is a bursting fracture of the Atlas ring with fractures through the anterior and posterior arches. |
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Definition
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Term
| The mechanism of injury is due to compressive forces on the vertex of the skull that are transmitted through the occipital condyles (diving into shallow water). |
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Definition
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Term
| the most common fracture of the atlas and accounts for 50% of all Atlas fractures. |
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Definition
| POSTERIOR ARCH FRACTURE OF C1 |
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Term
| typically a bilateral vertical fracture through the neural arch. |
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Definition
| POSTERIOR ARCH FRACTURE OF C1 |
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Term
| The mechanism of injury is the result of the posterior arch of atlas being compressed between the occiput and the posterior arch of axis during severe hyperextension |
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Definition
| POSTERIOR ARCH FRACTURE OF C1 |
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Term
| This fracture is caused by a vertical compressive for to the vertex of the skull. In this fracture nucleus pulpose is propelled through the endplate of the vertebral body, and vertebra is fractured vertically causing a comminution of the vertebral body. |
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Definition
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