Term
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Definition
| Tool-making technique by which three or four long trangular flakes were detached from a specially prepared core. Developed by members of the genus Homo transitional from H. erectus to H. sapiens. |
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Definition
| A distinct group within the genus Homo inhabiting Europe and Southwest Asia form approximately 30,000 to 125,000 years ago. |
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Definition
| The middle part of the Old Stone Age charaterized by teh development of the Mousterian tradition of tool making and the earlier Levalloisian traditions. |
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Definition
| The toold industry of the Nanderthals and their contemporaries of Europe, Southwest Asia, and northern Africa from 40,000 to 125,000 years ago. |
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Definition
| Modern humans originated through a process of simultaneous local transition from Homo erectus to Homo sapiens throughout the inhabited world. |
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Term
Recent African Origins Hypothesis
(Out of Africa Hypothesis) |
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Definition
-All modern people are derived from one single population of archaic H. sapiens from Africa
-They migrated out of Africa after 100,000 years ago
- They replaced all other archaic forms due to their superior cultural capabilities. |
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Definition
| Tool-making tradition in Europe and western Asia at teh beginning of the Upper Paleolithic. |
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Definition
-The last part of the Old stone Age (10,000-40,000 years ago)
-Features tool industries characterized by long slim blaes and an explosion of creative sybolic forms |
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Definition
| A European of the Uper Paleolithic after about 36,000 years ago. |
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Definition
| Long, parallel-sided flakes are struck off the edges of a specially prepared core |
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Definition
| Bone antler or a wooden tool is used to press, rather than strike off, small flakes from a piece of flint or similar stone. |
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Term
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Definition
| A stone tool with chisel-like edges used for working bone and antler. |
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Term
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Definition
| Bright pulsating forms that are generated by the central nervous system and seen in states of trance. |
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Term
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Definition
-The greater Australian land mass including Australia, New Guinea, and Tasmania.
-At times of maximum glaciation and low sea levels, these are areas were continuous. |
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Term
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Definition
-The combined landmass of the contemporary islands of Java, Sumatra, Borneo, and Bali
-was continuous with mainland Southeast Asia at times of low sea levels corresponding to maximum glaciation. |
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Definition
| The earliest inhabitants of North America. |
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Term
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Definition
A brod concept including
-intelligence,
-educability,
-concept formation,
-self-awareness,
-self-evaluation,
-attnetion span,
-sensitivity in discrimination and creativity. |
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Term
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Definition
The New Stone Age
Prehistoric period beginning about 10,000 years ago in which peoples possessed stone-based technologies and depended on domesticated crops and/or animals. |
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Term
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Definition
The Middle Stone Age
Period between the end of the Paleolithic and the start of the Neolithic
Refered to as Archaic culture in the Americas. (NOT TO BE CONFUSED WITH ARCHAIC HOMO SAPIENS) |
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Term
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Definition
Term used to refer to Mesolithic cultures in teh Americas.
NOT TO BE CONFUSED WITH ARCHAIC HOMO SAPIENS! |
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Term
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Definition
A small blade of flint or similar stone
Several of which were hafted together in wooden handles to make tools
Widespread in the Mesolithic |
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Term
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Definition
| A Mesolithic culture living in the lands that are now Israel, Lebanon, and western Syria, between about 10,200 and 12,500 years ago. |
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Term
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Definition
| An evolutionary process whereby humans modify, either intentionally or unintentionally, the genetic makeup of a population of plants or animals, sometimes to the extent that members of the population are unable to survive and/or reproduce without human assistance. |
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Term
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Definition
| The cultivation of domesticated root crops, such as yams and taro. |
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Definition
| The region encompassing southern Mexico and northern Central America. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cultivation of crops carried out with simple hand tools such as digging sticks or hoes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Intensive crop cultivation, employing plows, fertilizers, and/or irrigation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Breeding and managing migratory herds of domesticated grazing animals, such as goats, sheep, cattle, llamas, or camels. |
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Term
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Definition
-the taxonomic category of subspecies that is not applicable to humas because the division of humans into discrete types does not represent the true nature of human biological variation.
-A social category |
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Term
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Definition
| A term to describe species with alternative forms (alleles) of particular genes. |
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Term
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Definition
| The expression of genetic variants in different frequncies in different populations of a species. |
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Term
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Definition
| A gradual change in the frequency of an allele or trait over space. |
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Term
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Definition
A fold of skin at the inner corner of the eye that covers the true corner of the eye
Common in Asiantic (of asian origins)populations. |
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Term
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Definition
| A sugar that is the primary constituent of fresh milk |
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Term
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Definition
| An enzyme in teh small intestine that enables humans to assimilate lactose. |
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Term
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Definition
| Human genotype that permits efficient storage of fat to draw on in times of food shortage and conservation of glucose and nitrogen. |
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Term
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Definition
| The chemical responsible for dark skin pigmentation that helps protect against damage from ultraviolet radiation. |
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Term
Early Archaics
(Homo heidelbergensis)
Timeframe |
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Definition
400,00 - 125,000 y.a.
(apearance of Neandertals) |
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Term
Early Archaics
(Homo heidelbergensis)
Cranial Features |
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Definition
1100 - 1400 cc
less robust than H ergaster but more robust than modern humans
heavy brow ridges |
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Term
Early Archaics
(Homo heidelbergensis)
Postcranial Anatomy |
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Definition
Reduction in robusticity comparted to H. ergaster
taller on average than modern humans
heavy brow ridges |
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Term
Early Archaics
(Homo heidelbergensis)
Culture |
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Definition
Continuation of Acheulean tradition with refinement
developed Levalloisian technique
developed hafting
hunted large game animals |
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Term
Early Archaics
(Homo heidelbergensis)
Geographic Location |
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Definition
Germany
France
Spain
Parts of Asia and Africa |
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Term
Late Archaics
(Homo neandertalensis)
Timeframe |
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Definition
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Term
Late Archaics
(Homo neandertalensis)
Cranial Features |
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Definition
Average of 1400 cc
long and low braincase
prognathic lower face
worn front teeth
large noses
occipital bun
heavy brow ridges
NO CHIN
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Term
Late Archaics
(Homo neandertalensis)
Postcranial Anatomy |
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Definition
Relative to body mass, limbs are short and stocky
large muscle attatchments
dense leg bones
stong individuals adapted to harsh climate |
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Term
Late Archaics
(Homo neandertalensis)
Culture |
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Definition
Evidence of caring for old and disabled
intentional burial of dead
possible ceremonial items
use of ochre
mousterian tool tradition
possible artistic expression (symbolic activity)
speech? |
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Term
Late Archaics
(Homo neandertalensis)
Geographic Location |
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Definition
| Numerous locations throughout Europe and Southwest Asia. |
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Term
Modern Homo sapiens
(in general)
Timeframe |
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Definition
| Evolved in Africa about 200,000 y.a. |
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Term
Modern Homo sapiens
(in general)
Cranial Features |
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Definition
1350 cc average cranial capacity
high forhead
small/flat faces
reduction in size of teeth and mandible
reduced POC
presence of a chin
reduced brow ridges |
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Term
Modern Homo sapiens
(in general)
Postcranial Anatomy |
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Definition
Less robust than Archaic Homo sapiens
Less sexual dimorphism than predecessor
regionally variable in body and limb proportions |
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Term
Modern Homo sapiens
(in general)
Culture |
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Definition
Upper Paleolithic tool tradition
Use of many different material types (bone, antler, ivory, wood, shell etc.)
Increased use of compound tools such as spear throwers(atlatl)
Developed pressure flaking technology
development of language
importance of art and symbolism |
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Term
Modern Homo sapiens
(in general)
Geographic Location |
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Definition
Global
Evolved in east africa around 200,000 years ago and dispersed out from there.
Reached australia by 50,000-60,000 y.a.
Central Asia - 40,000y.a.
Europe - 35,000-40,000 y.a.
North and South America - 12,000 y.a.
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Term
Modern Homo Sapiens
Omo-Kibish
Timeframe |
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Definition
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Term
Modern Homo sapiens
Omo-Kibish
Culture |
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Definition
| Two individuals, oldest known modern humans |
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Term
Modern Homo sapiens
Omo-Kibish
Geographic Location |
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Definition
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Term
Modern Homo sapiens
Herto
Timeframe |
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Definition
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Term
Modern Homo sapiens
Herto
Culture |
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Definition
| Second oldest moderns in Africa |
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Term
Modern Homo sapiens
Herto
Geographic Location |
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Definition
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Term
Modern Homo sapiens
Klasies River Mouth
Timeframe |
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Definition
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Term
Modern Homo sapiens
Klasies River Mouth
Culture |
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Definition
| Earliest modern Homo sapiens in South Africa |
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Term
Modern Homo sapiens
Klasies River Mouth
Geographic Location |
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Definition
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Term
Modern Homo sapiens
Skhu-l
Timeframe |
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Definition
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Term
Modern Homo sapiens
Skhu-l
Culture |
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Definition
| Earliest evidence of modern Homo sapiens outside of Africa |
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Term
Modern Homo sapiens
Skhu-l
Geographic Location |
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Definition
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Term
Modern Homo sapiens
Ordos
Timeframe |
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Definition
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Term
Modern Homo sapiens
Ordos
Culture |
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Definition
| Perhaps earliest evidence of Homo sapiens in ASia |
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Term
Modern Homo sapiens
Ordos
Geographic Location |
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Definition
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Term
Modern Homo sapiens
Kow Swamp
Timeframe |
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Definition
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Term
Modern Homo sapiens
Kow Swamp
Culture |
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Definition
| Very robust individuals (retains erectus-like characteristics) |
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Term
Modern Homo sapiens
Kow Swamp
Geographic Location |
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Definition
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Term
Modern Homo sapiens
Lake Mungo
Timeframe |
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Definition
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Term
Modern Homo sapiens
Lake Mungo
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Definition
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