Term
| liturgical drama (medieval) |
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Definition
Medieval Theatre
based on church literature
dramatized the bible
written in latin
chanted or sung |
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Term
| religious drama (medieval) |
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Definition
Medieval Theatre
drama moved outside the church
used the vernacular (understood by everyone)
spoken not sung
amateur actors |
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Medieval Theatre
written by Hrotsvitha
(first christian dramatist, saxon poet, & female historian) |
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Medieval Theatre
a play about a miracle, lives of saints |
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Medieval Theatre
take many stories in the bible and stringing them together
bible stories combined into "cycles"
authors usually anonymous
plays in vernacular (speech understood by everyone) |
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Definition
Medieval Theatre
aka cycle plays
produced by "maestri" or "guilds"
(bakers, candle makers, etc)-(represents different trades)
might present 30+ plays over several days
staged as a part of religious festivals |
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Definition
Medieval Theatre
developed in England and Europe
Pope sanctioned festival in 1311 AD
Corpus Christi plays date from 1376 AD in England
Dramatized the history of the owls from the fall of the angels to the last judgement. |
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Definition
Medieval Theatre
represent different trades
ship builders, candle makers, bakers, etc. |
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Definition
Medieval Theatre
all sets onstage at same time |
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Medieval Theatre
little sets to represent one plays |
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Definition
Medieval Theatre
open area in front of the mansions that can be
an extension of the location
redefined through performance |
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Definition
Medieval Theatre
mansions on wagons |
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Definition
Medieval Theatre
Heaven and Hell were two most important mansions
Monsters mouth; devils run out into audience to drag people to hell
Lots of spectacle
realism NOT the goal - symbolic |
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Definition
Medieval Theatre
comic, secular drama
secular=non-religious
start around 13th century
example: "Pierre Pantelin" |
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Definition
Medieval Theatre
about the lives of the saints
performed on saints days
(PG 72 of book) |
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Definition
Medieval Theatre
examples: "St. George and the Dragon" & "Robin Hood"
Simple plots
Form:conflict, battle, many killed, doctor arrives and heals everyone & they dance |
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Definition
Medieval Theatre
popular between 1400-1550
dramatized, spiritual trials of ordinary people
Religious in nature, but not stories from the bible
protagonist = everyman of mankind
telling you how to live a christian life
personifications of good and evil
allegorical tales of moral temptations
*how to live your life today so you can go to Heaven
example: "Everyman" by Anonymous, "Castle of Perserverance" & "Wit and Science" |
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Definition
Medieval Theatre
non religious
performed between courses at banquet
led to professional troupes
madrigals
serious or comic
performed by servants
performed in the castle/home |
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Term
| Hrotsvitha of Gandersheim (Hrotsvit) |
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Definition
Medieval Theatre
10th century German nun
1st Christian Dramatist
1st Saxon Poet
1st Female Historian
Incorporate Christian values into theatre
Greek-Terence
The Quem Quaeritis |
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Definition
Medieval Theatre
representation of abstract principles by characters
characters are personifications of ideas/concept
call the character by the quality |
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Term
| What historical event happened in 476 C.E. and how did it affect the development of theatre? |
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Definition
Medieval Theatre
Roman Empire Falls
• No support for theatre (theatre is suppressed); romans have lost their power
• Financial loss |
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Term
| What is the time period for what we call “medieval theatre”? |
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Definition
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Term
| How was medieval religious drama similar to/ different from medieval liturgical drama? |
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Definition
Medieval Theatre
Religious Drama
Like Liturgical Drama
-performed on religious holidays
-entire community participated
-short episodes based on christian themes
Different from Liturgical Drama
-Vernacular (understood by everyone; common language) - not latin
-spoken, not sung
-amateur actors
community produced |
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Term
| Why are the English cities of York, Wakefield, Chester and N-Town significant in medieval theatre? |
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Definition
Medieval Theatre
York Mystery Plays
York, Wakefield, Chester - towns in england
Ntown - touring group
cycle plays
small sets - must fit on the wagon
2 dimensional characters |
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Term
| What are the two primary methods of staging medieval drama and which countries used which style of staging? |
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Definition
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Term
| What kind of costumes, props, sets and special effects were used to stage medieval theatre? |
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Definition
Medieval Theatre
no attempt at historical privacy
contemporary dress - according to their status
-did not try to costume for the time of Christ
god,angels,saints - church robes
god-gloves,gold face
st. michael - flaming sword
devils - wings, claws, tails |
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Term
| Who were the actors and who were the producers of medieval theatre? |
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Definition
Medieval Theatre
actors = all men |
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Term
| In addition to the cycle/mystery plays, what kind of plays were popular in the middle ages in Britain and Europe? |
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Definition
Medieval Theatre
Miracle (saint) Plays
Medieval Farce
folk plays
morality plays |
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Term
| How did medieval theatre in England provide a foundation for the Elizabethan (English Renaissance) theatre? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why have the plays of Hrotsvitha of Gandersheim (Hrotsvit) been marginalized? What “firsts” was she known for? |
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Definition
Medieval Theatre
first - christian dramatist, saxon poet, female historian |
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Term
characters, plot, themes and significance of...
Everyman |
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Definition
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Term
| "Art of Poetry" by Horace |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Italian Renaissance
wrote DE ARCHITECTURA at 25 BC |
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Definition
Italian Renaissance
written in 25 BC
Published in 1486
scholars and artist base their structures on it |
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Definition
Italian Renaissance
Oldest surviving theatre constructed in the Renaissance
Built by Palladio (he started it)
Finished by Scamozzi in 1584
Premiered Oedipus Rex
Has about 3000 seats
70’ Wide stage, 18 feet deep
Similar to Roman stage
Vistas: long, built out hallway |
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Definition
Italian Renaissance
built by Scamozzi between 1580-1590
250 seats
first freestanding, purpose built theatre in modern world (built to be a theatre)
second oldest surviving indoor theatre in the world
scenery permanent and could not change
1 vista
horseshoe house (audience)
stage was narrow |
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Term
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Definition
Italian Renaissance
Larger; seats 3500 audience
Built in 1618
1 single perspective vista
Horseshoe house (audience)
Backless benches
1 single vista becomes the proscenium arch
One of the oldest proscenium arches we have
Deep horseshoe in front of seats - Semi circle in front of seats
Dances
Royal processions
Could be flooded for water spectacle
Or more seats
4th wall stage, proscenium sstage
o Hides stage machinery
• Illusionistic
• Gives rise to greater realism on stage
o How theatres are now |
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Term
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Definition
Italian Renaissance
frame for picture
originally temporary
still the most common in our theaters
most common & most popular
hides tricks and machinery
tricks us into a false reality |
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Definition
Italian Renaissance
creates depth
-usually meant to be seen from from fixed viewpoint - right in the middle |
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Definition
Italian Renaissance
1545
italian architect & painter
published book on italian theatre
introduces perspective drawing into theatrical design |
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Term
| Serlio's three stock settings |
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Definition
Italian Renaissance
comedy - street scenes w/different houses
tragedy - in front of the palace
pastoral (outside, nature) - woodland, garden, country scene with woods & nature |
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Term
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Definition
Italian Renaissance
(shutters)
wings - sides of painting
shutters/drop - back of painting (comes together & meets in the middle/broken up into parts) |
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Definition
Italian Renaissance
two sided flats set up on both sides of stage
fixed - not changeable |
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Term
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Definition
Italian Renaissance
replaced angled wings
- set into tracks that are moved on and off to reveal another flat (wing and groove) |
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Term
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Definition
Italian Renaissance
flats onstage set into tracks that are moved on and off to reveal another flat |
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Term
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Definition
Italian Renaissance
(Giacomo Torelli)
type of stage design
mechanism for changing scenery
pulleys below stage move flats offstage
remained in use for a long time |
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Term
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Definition
Italian Renaissance
short spectacles between the acts of regular plays
elaborate usually compliment to a higher audience member (king, lady)
special effects
develop into opera in 16th century
modern auditorium develops |
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Term
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Definition
Italian Renaissance
seats now on upper levels
prevalent forms of modern auditorium
hierarchy of seating and wealth
classes
designed to show off the audience as well as the actors
box-places for elite people
-semi-private sections of seats
-arranged around horseshoe
-most expensive = directly opposite stage
-arranged in tiers of two or more levels
-see and be seen
pit (orchestra)
-first idea of the orchestra
-greek (circle -> roman (half-cirlce)_ -> renaissance
-floor level
-closest to stage
-second most expensive seats
-could be seated (standing or seating)
gallery - one tier filled with long benches
-cheap seats
-servants for rich people sit here
-middle to lower class |
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Term
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Definition
Italian Renaissance
Opposite the stage in the center
KIng & Queen
Best view of the stage |
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Term
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Definition
Italian Renaissance
good guys rewarded
bad guys punished |
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Term
| Unities of time, place, and action |
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Definition
Italian Renaissance
Time-24 hours max
Place - one location
Action - one single plot |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Italian Renaissance
basic structure or storyline that is improvised
characters, situations, complications, and outcome
could be - comic, tragic, melodramatic, musical
improvised dialoge and action
common plots-love affairs, disguises, cross purposes |
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Term
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Definition
Italian Renaissance
stereotypical characters
actors play the same character for life
used Lazzi, Concetti
Innamorati
Panalone
IlDottore
Il Capitano
Zannni |
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Term
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Definition
Italian Renaissance
stock comic business
three stooges
clown characters comic |
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Term
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Definition
Italian Renaissance
stock verses & poetry
young lovers |
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Term
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Definition
Italian Renaissance
the young lovers
not masked
opposed by masters
aided by servants
women played by women |
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Term
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Definition
Italian Renaissance
elderly, venetian merchant
also called magnifico:older characters
master
greedy,old,rich
$$$
young girl
wears red
might be father of lovers
full mask - brown, beard, crooked nose |
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Term
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Definition
Italian Renaissance
doctor, academic, lawyer
2nd magnifico
walks in figure 8's
panalone's friend or rival
older than pant alone
has so much education he knows nothing
spouts nonsense
easily fooled
often is tricked
wears an academic cap and gown
mask is only the forehead and nose |
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Definition
Italian Renaissance
braggart soldier, real coward
type of master
foreigner
coward who boasts
says he's good in bed and is good soldier
unwelcome suitor to young women
feathered cap
cowardice |
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Term
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Definition
Italian Renaissance
comic servants
could be as many as 4
keep the plot moving
have lazzi - comic bits
some are female
clever maid that serves the daughter - young witty, carries on love affairs with other servants |
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Term
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Definition
Italian Renaissance
most popular
#1 servant
cunning and stupidity
bright outfit
acrobat and dancer
mask covers to below check
white hat
black mask
sneaky walk
costume began as patchwork and then developed into diamond pattern
carries a wooden sword (slapstick) used for beatings |
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Term
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Definition
Italian Renaissance
wooden sword carried by harlequin used for beatings |
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Term
| What are some of the changes in politics, religion and society that led to the Renaissance in Europe? |
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Definition
Italian Renaissance
printing press!
renaissance = reinvention |
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Term
| What are the major contributions of theatre from the Italian Renaissance and in what way are they significant? |
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Definition
Italian Renaissance
changes in the theatre space
- theatre stage and auditorium
*proscenium stage is created (picture frame)
theatre scenery
-the idea that set can be one thing but changed
- scene changes - fixed theatre design - one stage
-illusionistic scenery = realistic
improvised comedy=commedia del arte
new plays based on classical forms=academic, opera |
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Term
| How did the discovery of Vitruvius's de Architectura and perspective painting determine the development of the Italian theatre space and staging? |
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Definition
Italian Renaissance
scholars and artists base their structures on De Architectura |
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Term
| What is opera's relationship to Italian Renaissance theatre? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the basic elements of the Italian Renaissance stage house and auditorium. |
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Definition
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Term
What are the "rules" of neoclassicism? What do we mean when we day they are "prescriptive"?
o Reality
o Morality
o Verisimilitude |
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Definition
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Term
| Where did neoclassic theory take hold and where did it not restrict the playwright's innovation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is commedia dell 'arte and why is it significant in theatre history? |
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Definition
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Term
Whataretheattributesofthesecommediacharacters:
o Pantalone & Il Dottore
o Arlecchino (Harlequin)
o Innamorati (Isabella, Flavio, etc.) o Zanni
o El Capitano |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
English Renaissance
Person Theatre Companies would need to get a license from.
(Elizabeth Decree 1574) |
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Term
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Definition
English Renaissance
Queen Elizabeth I
1558-1603
*no plays could be performed with religious/political subjects
*professional and secular theatre replaces religious theatre
*new sources for drama - classical literature, historical chronicles, medieval tales
*cycle plays dying off
*Theatre becomes commercial - no support from church |
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Term
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Definition
English Renaissance
King James I
1603-1625 |
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Definition
English Renaissance
King Charles I
1625-1649 |
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Term
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Definition
English Renaissance
o Edward Alleyn and Philip Henslowe (heads of company)
o Christopher Marlowe (playwright)
->Prince Henry's Men (Jacobean Theatre - King James I) |
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Term
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Definition
English Renaissance
o James Burbage (head)
o Richard Burbage (lead actor)
o William Shakespeare (actor and playwright)
o William Kempe (greatest comic actor)
-> King's Men (James I - Jacobean Theatre) |
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Term
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Definition
English Renaissance
(Same as Lord Chamberlain's Men)
Under Royal Ages - Noblemen no longer allowed to keep troupes.
King James I - Jacobean Theatre |
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Term
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Definition
English Renaissance
(Same as Lord Admiral's Men)
Under Royal Ages - Noblemen no longer allowed to keep troupes.
King James I - Jacobean Theatre |
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Term
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Definition
English Renaissance
Actor and playwright for Lord Chamberlain's Men/King's Men
Only wrote 2 plays a year (others wrote 4-5)
Wrote Comedy, Tragedy, History (wrote 34 plays)
Greatest Playwright of the English Speaking Stage |
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Term
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Definition
English Renaissance
Greatest Comic Actor
Lord Chamberlain's Men/King's Men
Famous Shakespeare Clown Character |
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Term
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Definition
English Renaissance
Head of the Lord Admiral's Men/Prince Henry's Men
Played the first Plautus |
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Term
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Definition
English Renaissance
Head of the Lord Admiral's Men/Prince Henry's Men |
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Term
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Definition
English Renaissance
Playwright for the Lord Admiral's Men/Prince Henry's Men
Father of Spanish Tragedy
Established Blank Verse (Verse that doesn't rhyme)
Wrote: The Tragical History of Dr. Faustus
Wrote: Tamburlaine the Great
Poet & Playwright |
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Term
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Definition
English Renaissance
Wrote The Duchess of Malfi
Wrote The White Devil
Jacobean Tragedies
Collaborated on plays with other playwrights (worked with Thomas Dekker & Thomas Haywood)
Worked for Phillip Henslowe |
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Term
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Definition
English Renaissance
indoors
elitest
more costly than public
*anyone could attend |
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Term
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Definition
English Renaissance
outdoors
cheaper, allowed more
*anyone could attend |
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Term
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Definition
English Renaissance
????
[Medieval Theatre= dressing/green room under the stage] |
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Term
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Definition
English Renaissance
Commonly referred to when talking about the Globe
performance space on second level |
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Term
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Definition
English Renaissance
Commonly referred to when talking about the Globe
performance space on stage
space behind the center door below |
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Term
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Definition
English Renaissance
?????
The under side of the roof over the stage was painted to look like the heavens |
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Term
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Definition
English Renaissance
Surrounded the stage on 3 sides
Lower class would stand here
no seating |
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Term
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Definition
English Renaissance
3 levels of galleries
long benches |
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Term
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Definition
English Renaissance
Private rooms for the rich in the first tier of galleries |
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Term
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Definition
English Renaissance
Indoor theatre
best known private theatre |
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Definition
English Renaissance
lines tell scenery |
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Definition
English Renaissance
1 or more members share ownership of the theatre building |
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Term
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Definition
English Renaissance
invest in company
get a lot out of it
make important decisions
help write plays
share profits and losses
half of the company usually shareholders |
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Term
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Definition
English Renaissance
• 1-2 year contract
• Paid weekly wage
• Act in small roles
• Backstage jobs (prompter, stagehands) |
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Term
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Definition
English Renaissance
• 4-6 boys
• Play female roles
• Work for bed/board (no money)
• “Internships”
• Actors
• Responsible for a large number of roles |
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Term
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Definition
English Renaissance
Most Famous Designer in English History |
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Term
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Definition
English Renaissance
Court Entertainment of the English Renaissance
Not found in public/private playhouses
only done in court
most after Elizabeth passes - James I & Charles I
Closely related to pageants and royal processions to honor the monarch.
became so popular - added to plays at the globe & blackfriars
great display of wealth/riches |
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Term
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Definition
English Renaissance
lower class
stand in pit |
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Term
| How did theatre change in England from medieval to the Elizabethan era? |
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Definition
English Renaissance
Medieval:
occasional performances
celebratory, religious
officially supported
free, open to all
Elizabethan:
continual performances
commercial, secular
self-supporting
pay per view |
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Term
What are the architectural elements of the English Renaissance public theatre (stage and
auditorium)? What are those of the private theatre of this era? |
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Definition
English Renaissance
Public (Globe)
*outdoors
*octagonal
*3 stories
*covered by a thatched roof
*stage
-thrust
-roof extended over the stage - held up by two columns
-back wall - 3 doors (2 smaller outside doors, 1 larger inside door)
- 3 story facade
*large - 2,000+ seats
Private (Blackfriars)
*indoors
*smaller - 700 seats
*stage
-no proscenium arch
-extends to walls on either sides
-no columns, roof, or heavens
*more expensive |
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Term
| What are the staging devices of the English Renaissance public and private theatre? |
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Definition
English Renaissance
Public (Globe)
- traps in the stage
Private (Blackfriars)
- spoken decor |
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Term
| How did the English Renaissance public theatre (e.g. the Globe) and private theatre (e.g., Blackfriars) differ? How were they similar? |
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Definition
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Term
| How were professional acting companies structured in the English Renaissance? |
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Definition
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Term
| What were the conventions for costumes and props on the English Renaissance stage? |
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Definition
English Renaissance
costumes:
"contemporary"
symbolic accent of costume
start to reveal specific character
supernatural characters
racial/national stereotypes
the actor's greatest expense
props:
sometime they may carry on a lantern to tell us that it is dark outside |
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Term
| What are the separate plot lines that are woven together in Much Ado About Nothing? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do the plays of Shakespeare incorporate Roman influences and how do they differ from the tenets of the neoclassic model? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the masque and how did it differ from the plays produced in the professional theatres during the English Renaissance? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who were the two major companies of the English Renaissance era and the major actors/playwrights associated with them? |
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Definition
English Renaissance
Lord Admiral’s Men (Prince Henry's Men)
o Edward Alleyn and Philip Henslowe (heads of company)
o Christopher Marlowe (playwright)
Lord Chamberlain’s Men (King's Men)
o James Burbage (head)
o Richard Burbage (lead actor)
o William Shakespeare (actor and playwright)
o William Kempe (greatest comic actor) |
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Term
characters, plot, themes and significance of...
Much Ado about Nothing |
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Definition
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