Term
| Innate vs Adaptive immunity |
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Definition
| Innate is natural and non-specific while Adaptive is acquired and specific. |
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Term
| What are Purposes of Inflammation |
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Definition
| Destroy injurious agents, Confine agents to limit their effects on the host, stimulate the immune response, Promote regeneration and repair of tissue. |
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Term
| What are some Systemic Manifestations of Inflammation? |
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Definition
| Fever, Increase in both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory plasma proteins produced by the liver, Leukocytosis. |
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Term
| What are two different "acute-phase reactants"? |
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Definition
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
Blood levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) |
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Term
| What are some local and observable characteristics of inflammation? |
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Definition
1. Heat
2. Redness
3. Swelling
4. Pain |
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Term
| What role does Vasodilation perform in inflammation? |
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Definition
| It increases blood flow while decreasing blood flow velocity. |
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Term
| What is the Complement System? |
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Definition
| A group of plasma proteins (C1-9) that participate at all levels of inflammation. |
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Term
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Definition
| it helps by Opsonizing bacteria. |
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Term
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Definition
| It induces mast cell degranulation |
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Term
| What does the Kinin System? |
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Definition
| It augments inflammation by increasing vascular permeability, vasodilation and smooth muscle contraction. |
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Term
| How is the Kinin System activated? |
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Definition
| Throught the intrinsic pathway of coagulation. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Large, granular cells in loose connective tissue, adjacent to blood vessels and are critical in the inflammatory response. |
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Term
| What are the two process that Mast Cells perform? |
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Definition
(long-term) they synthesize cytokines and lipid-mediators.
(short-term) they degranulate and release histamine |
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Term
|
Definition
| They are released by Mast cells when stimulated by IgE. |
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Term
| What lipid mediator plays an important role in pathology of Asthma? |
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Definition
| Leukotrienes, Leukotriene inhibitors used to treat severe forms of athsma. |
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Term
| What are Prostaglandins made by? |
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Definition
| (COX) or cyclo-oxygenases |
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Term
| Cox or cyclo-oxygenases are inhibited by what? |
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Definition
| Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID); ex include Aspirin |
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Term
| Which immunoglobulin stimulates the release of Prostaglandins? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Who makes Interferons and what do they protect against? |
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Definition
| leukocytes create them to help defend against viruses. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cytokines produced primarily by macrophages and lymphocytes in response to inflammation. |
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Term
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Definition
| They encourage chemotaxis (movement of cells toward inflammatory site), Proliferation and Maturation of WBCs and they can be both pro- and anti-inflammatory. |
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Term
| What is the difference between acute and chronic inflamation? |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| When you have chronic inflammation your body tries to "wall off" the pathogen by encircling it with Macrophages. |
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Term
Tissue Repair Vs. Tissue Regeneration
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Definition
| Regeneration is the attempt to replace empty wound with functioning tissue; while tissue repair just replaces empty wound with scar tissue. |
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Term
| What is Debridement in reference to wound healing? |
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Definition
| The first step in which the wound is cleaned up through phagocytosis. |
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Term
| What type of WBC is developed into plasma cells? |
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Definition
| B lymphocytes are turned into plasma cells which can then secrete antibodies. |
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Term
| What factors make an antigen more Immunogenic? |
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Definition
| Being large in size, organic, complex in structure and Foreign or recognized as non-self. |
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Term
|
Definition
| It is a molecule that is not large enough to induce an immune response by itself. |
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Term
| What are Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)? |
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Definition
| They are coded by HLA genes; they are the "flags" of a cell. |
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Term
| What cells have MHC class I molecules? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What cells have MHC class II molecules? |
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Definition
| Only "professional" antigen presenting cells (APCs) |
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|
Term
| Which Chromosome are HLA (MHC) genes located? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| "This Cell is Virally Infected!" |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| It is used to trigger cytolysis |
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Term
| What are characteristics of IgM |
|
Definition
10% of total plasma antibody,
10 heavy & 10 light chains,
Very effective activator of the complement system. |
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Term
| What are characteristics of IgG? |
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Definition
75% of plasma antibody,
Monomer,
Actively transported across the Placenta,
long-term immunity. |
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Term
| What are characteristics of IgA? |
|
Definition
located in the plasma and body secretions,
protects from enzymatic destruction,
found in lacrimal glands, salivary glands, lymphoid tissues in breast, bronchi, intestines, and GI tract |
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|
Term
| What are caracteristics of IgE? |
|
Definition
Low plasma concentration,
Bound to eosinophils, Basophils and Mast cells,
Triggers release of histamine. |
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Term
| What is Hypersensitivity Type I? |
|
Definition
| IgE-mediated or allergies |
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|
Term
| What is Hypersensitivity Type II? |
|
Definition
| Tissue-specific; ex: Rh+and bad blood transfusions |
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Term
| What is Hypersensitivity Type III? |
|
Definition
| Immune Complex Hypersensitivity; ex: lupus and Rheumatoid arthritis |
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Term
| What is Hypersensitivity Type IV? |
|
Definition
| Delayed Hypersensitivity; ex: poison ivy and TB |
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Term
| What are characteristics of Di George Syndrome? |
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Definition
Partial or complete lack of the thymus!,
decreased T cell function |
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Term
| What are characteristics of Bruton's Agammaglobulinemia Syndrome? |
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Definition
| Failure of early B cells to become mature B cells |
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Term
| What are characteristics of Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome? |
|
Definition
X-linked recessive disorder,
IgM production is reduced
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Term
| What are characteristics of Selective IgA deficiency? |
|
Definition
Can cause chronic intestinal candidiasis,
increased allergen uptake and more severe allergic response. |
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Term
| HIV virus binds to what type of receptor? |
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Definition
| It has a gp120 protein that binds to CD4+receptors/ aka T-helper cells. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Ability of pathogen to cause disease. |
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Term
|
Definition
| measures the severity a disease can cause. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The ability of a pathogen to induce an immune response |
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Term
|
Definition
| The ability of a microorganism to invade and colonize within a host. |
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Term
| What is the cell wall of a bacteria composed of? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Gram + bacteria produce...? |
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Definition
| Exotoxins; ex: botulism, tetanus, staph food poisning, toxic shock syndrome. |
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Term
| Gram - bacteria produce...? |
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Definition
| Endotoxins; ex: salmonella food poisoning |
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Term
|
Definition
| The formation of endospores. |
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Term
| Virus are not living therefore they are...? |
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Definition
| Obligate intracellular parasite |
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Term
| Diseases caused by fungi are called? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Viral Replication depends on...?(6 Steps) |
|
Definition
- Absorption
- Penetration
- Uncoating
- Replication
- Assembly
- Release of new virions
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