Term
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Definition
| scaphoid, lunate, triquetrium, pisiform (proximal), trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate (distal) |
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Term
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Definition
| 5 long bones between carpals and phalanges (make up palm/dorsum of hand) |
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Term
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Definition
| 14, digits 2-5 have 3, digit 1 has 2, 2 sesmoid bones |
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Term
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Definition
| distal end of radius articulating with scaphoid and lunate, motions include flexion, extension, radial and ulnar deviation |
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Term
| Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex (TFCC) |
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Definition
| cartilage structure in wrist joint between ulna and carpals, transmits force across the wrist from hand to forearm (18% of axial load), smooth surface for movements |
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Term
| Ulnar Collateral Ligament |
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Definition
| extends from ulnar styloid process to pisiform and triquetrium, limits radial deviation (tight in flexion and extension) |
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Term
| Radial Collateral Ligament |
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Definition
| extends from radial styloid process to scaphoid and trapezium bones, limits ulnar deviation (tight in flexion and extension) |
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Term
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Definition
| each digit is a CMC joint, 4th and 5th digit = hamate, greater joint mobility |
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Term
| Metacarpophalangeal Joints |
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Definition
| Condyloid joinits - 2 degrees of movement (flexion and extension, abduction and adduction), collateral ligaments support each joint (valgus and varus stresses) |
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Term
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Definition
| reinforced by collateral ligaments, hinge joints include proximal IP joint (PIP) and distal IP joint (DIP) |
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Term
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Definition
| Ulnar collateral ligament, most frequently injured (game keeper's thumb, skiier's thumb), radial collateral ligament |
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Term
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Definition
| Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis, extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor digitorum, extensor indicis, extensor digiti minimi, common extensor block from lateral side |
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Term
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Definition
| Flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor digitorum profundus, flexor digtorum superficialis, palmaris longus (absent in about 30% of population), originate from common flexor block on medial condyle |
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Term
| Carpal Tunnel & Structures |
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Definition
| anterior muscles of the wrist and fingers cross the radiocarpal joint through tunnel, 10 structures pass though - median nerve, flexor pollicus longus, flexor digitorum superficialis (4 slips), flexor digitorum profundus (4 slips) |
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Term
| Transverse Carpal Ligament |
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Definition
| also called flexor retinaculum, thick ligament between hamate and pisiform, provides floor of carpal tunnel, reconstructed for carpal tunnel release, runs from hamate to scaphoid and trapezium |
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Term
| Median Nerve Innervations |
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Definition
| radial portion of palm, palmar surface of thumb, 2nd and 3rd digits |
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Term
| Radial Nerve Innervations |
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Definition
| dorsum of hand, thumb, 2nd and 3rd digits the DIP |
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Term
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Definition
| ulnar side of hand, 4th and 5th digits |
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Term
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Definition
| borders: medially-extensor pollicus longus, laterally-extensor pollicus brevis, abductor pollicus longus |
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Term
| Observation of Wrist and Hand |
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Definition
| hand postures, thenar v. hypothenar eminence (musclature, atrophy, hypertrophy), cuts, scars, deformities, fingernail conditions, russel's sign (small cuts/abrasions, bulimia) |
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Term
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Definition
| usually diagnosed when other possibilities excluded, usually same mechanism as many other injuries |
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Term
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Definition
| due to hyperextension of wrist, compresses TFCC between the radioulnar joint and proximal row of carpals, signs include swelling, clicking and popping, loss of function |
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Term
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Definition
| herniation of synovial fluid through joint capsule or synovial sheath of a tendon, benign, associated with overuse, dorsal or volar aspect of wrist |
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Term
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Definition
| median nerve compression, mechanism is fibrosis of the synovium of flexor tendons, repetitive trauma, acute trauma, signs include paresthesia, pain, atrophy of thenar muscles, decreased grip strength |
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Term
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Definition
| fracture of 5th metacarpal |
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Term
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Definition
| fracture of the distal radius and/or ulna, fall to outstretched hand with wrist in extension (silver fork deformity), signs include immediate pain, deformity, can include TFCC injury |
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Term
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Definition
| majority of all carpal fractures, FOOSH mechanism (hyperextension), many lead to necrosis (vascular complications), signs include pain in anatomical snuffbox, decreased grip strength |
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Term
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Definition
| FOOSH mechanism (hyperextension), signs include pain along radial side, bulge proximal to 3rd metacarpal, paresthesia middle finger due to dislocation, 3rd MP joint in line when making a fist, most commonly disloacted of all carpal bones |
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Term
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Definition
| rupture of central tendon on base of middle phalanx (tendons slip palmarly on each side changing the pull from extensor to flexor, from longitudinal force), presents as extension of DIP, flexion of PIP, extension of MCP |
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Term
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Definition
| Pseudo-Boutonniere deformity, by hyperextension force (PIP) or tear distally (DIP), signs include pain and swelling at PIP, tenderness over volar aspect of PIP |
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Term
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Definition
| avulsion or stretching of an extensor tendon from distal phalanx (suddenly and forcefully flexed), signs include pain at distal phalanx, inability to actively extend finger, splint |
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Term
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Definition
| avulsion of flexor digitorum profundus tendon from DIP, occurs when distal phalanx is forcefully extended while finger is flexing |
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Term
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Definition
| distal phalanx, most common (thumb and 3rd digit),common to crushing or longitudinal compression, signs include audible snap, severe pain at site, deformity, crepitus |
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Term
| Ulnar Collateral Ligament Sprain |
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Definition
| include gamekeeper's thumb, skiier's thumb (forced hyperextension orhyperabduction of thumb), signs include pain on ulnar side of thumb, inability to grasp or pinch objects, decrease in grip strength |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of tendon or surrounding synovial sheath, overuse mechanism, repetitive motions, direct trauma, signs include decreased AROM, decreased grip strength, pain with passive stretching |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the tendonous sheath, creates friction and discomfort, decreased ROM |
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