Term
| What steps did Cleisthenes tske to strengthen democracy in Athens? |
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Definition
1. He balanced power between the rich and poor
2. all citizens could sumbit and vote on new laws
3. He created a Council of 500 random citizens to debate laws |
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Term
| What are the 4 basic principles of Roman law? |
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Definition
1. all citizens will have equal treatment under the law
2. the accused are innocent until proven guilty
3. the accuser has to prove the accused is guilty
4. all laws can be repealed |
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Term
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Definition
| Jewish religion with main ancestral prophet being Abraham |
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Term
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Definition
| An artistic and intellectual movement in Italy during the 1300's |
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Term
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Definition
| A religious movement during the 1500's starting in germany and spreading throughout Europe |
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Term
| How do the 10 Commandments differ from the laws of other groups? |
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Definition
| The Commandments focous more on morals and ethics then politics |
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Term
| What Christian teachiung supports the idea of Democracy? |
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Definition
| It is the duty of the individual and community to combat oppression and injustice |
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Term
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Definition
| A shift from the midevil assupmtions of science into new theories in Europe during the 1500's |
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Term
| Steps of the Scientific Method |
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Definition
1. A question is formed based on an observation
2. A hypothesis is formed based on what might happen
3. Hypothesis is then tested with experiments
4. Observtions from the eperiment are analyzed and a new conclusion is formed |
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Term
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Definition
| An intellectual movement in Europe during the 1700's that solved social problems through reason |
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Term
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Definition
| Citizens must give up individual rights to a powerful leader inorder to gain law and order |
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Term
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Definition
| People could learn from past experiences and solve social problems through self-government |
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Term
| Locke's Unalienable Rights |
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Definition
All people are born free and equal
1. Life
2. Liberty
3. Property |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Believed that England was the most politically well rounded with the King acting as the Executive branch, Parliament as the Legislative branch, and the English Judges having Judicial power |
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Term
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Definition
| Supporter of individual liberty that belived that an effective government could only exist with the consent of society |
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Term
| What did the philosophe's advocate? |
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Definition
1. Reason
2. Nature
3. Happiness
4. Progress
5. Liberty |
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Term
| What did the Enlightenment Advocate? |
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Definition
1. Progress
2. Non-religous Opinions
3. Individual Importance |
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Term
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Definition
| Gatherings of philosophes in weathly women's homes |
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Term
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Definition
| a style of art that includes very ornate designs |
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Term
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Definition
| style of art that was simple yet elegant. Borrowed from the Greeks and Romans |
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Term
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Definition
| Empress of Russia that tried to reform Russian government with ideas based on Montesquieu and beccaria but failed |
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Term
| What new form of literature formed during the 18th century and what were it's main characteristics? |
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Definition
| Novels began togain popularity and they were lengthly pieces of prose fiction |
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Term
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Definition
| Religious toleration for the Hugenots living in France |
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Term
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Definition
| Ultimately the ruler of France during the reign of Louis XIII whom was a very weak king |
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Term
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Definition
| Strongest French king that took power after Cardinal Richeleiu and took the throne at 4 years old. Nick named the Sun King |
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Term
| What was the War of Spanish Succession? |
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Definition
| Europe allied against the French and Spanish to prevent the merging of the throne |
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Term
| What Impact did the French Religious wars have on French thinkers? |
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Definition
| All people in France were somehow relieved when Louis died and there was rejoicing in the streets |
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Term
| What was the result of the War of Spanish Succession? |
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Definition
| Louis' grandson would remain king of Spain, but the Spanish and French thrones would not merge |
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Term
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Definition
| Government in place during the 1770's France |
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Term
| What is the Estates-General? |
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Definition
| A meeting between all 3 French Social classes to approve a new tax bill set fourth by King Louis XVI |
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Term
| What is the National Assembly? |
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Definition
| The 3rd French Estate assumes control of France and makes the governmental descions |
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Term
| What is the Tennis Court Oath? |
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Definition
| After being locked out of the Estates-General, members of the 3rd Estate vow to stay on a tennis court that they broke into until they were let back in |
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Term
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Definition
| The break down of French society as French citizens become fearful for the future |
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Term
| How did Louis XVI's weak leadership lead to the growing crisis in France? |
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Definition
| Louis meant well but was indescive and couldn't stand long, boring debates |
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Term
| What is the Legislative Assembly? |
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Definition
| A group of politicians that created laws and approved declarations of war |
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Term
| What is the National Convention? |
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Definition
| The new French government taking place after the National Assembly and disposing Frace of the king |
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Term
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Definition
| A French Radical political group that played an influencial role in the creation of the National Convention |
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Term
| Who is Maximilien Robespierre? |
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Definition
| French Jacobin leader who virtually ruled franve from 1793-1794 |
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Term
| What is the Reign of Terror? |
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Definition
| Time period when Maximilien Robespierre was in power |
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Term
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Definition
| Government system after the National Convention that placed the majority of power in the hands of the aristocracy and established a 2 house legislature and an executive branch |
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Term
| What major reforms did the National Assembly introduce? |
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Definition
| The National Assmebly created the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen and made clergymen paid government officials |
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Term
| What is the Battle of Trafalgar? |
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Definition
| Naval battle fought between France and Britian foiling a British invasion and Napoleon's only major loss |
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Term
| how did Napoleon become a hero in Fracne? |
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Definition
| Napoleon successfully defended the National Convention from French rebels |
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Term
| How was Napoleon able to keep the neighboring contries at bay? |
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Definition
| He instated his own family members into leadership positions in thos countries and used them as puppets |
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Term
| What was the Continental System? |
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Definition
| It was a blockade established by Napoleon to cut-off Britain from the rest of Europe |
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Term
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Definition
| Fought between Napoleon and Spanish geurillas that killed 30,000 French soldiers |
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Term
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Definition
| A Russian Czar that angered Napoleon because he was trading grain with Britain and was invaded |
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Term
| What was the significance of Waterloo? |
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Definition
| Belgium town where Napoleon brought his army after escaping Corsica and attempting to reconquer Europe |
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Term
| Why was Napoleon's delay of retreat from Russia such a blunder? |
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Definition
| Napoleon didn't leave until the end of Fall and hiked through Russia during Winter |
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Term
| What was the Congress of Vienna? |
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Definition
| Meeting of all European countries to ensure a lasting peace and stability |
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Term
| Who was Klemens Von Metternich? |
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Definition
| Representative from Austria, most influencial person that wished to reinstate old regimes to keep the peace |
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Term
| What was the Holy Alliance? |
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Definition
| Agreement between Russia, Prussia, and Austria to rule according to biblical morals |
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Term
| What was the Concert of Europe? |
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Definition
| An agreement between all European countries to come to eachother's aid if revelutions broke out |
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Term
| What were the 3 main pionts of Metternich's plan for Europe? |
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Definition
1. Sorround Europe with strong countries to prevent future aggression
2. Reinstate a balance of power so that no single European country became too powerful
3. Reinstate old European ruling families |
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Term
| What ws the long term legacy of the Congress of Vienna? |
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Definition
| It established long term peace, upset countries that were subject to foreign rule, and set up Britain and Prussia to gain large amounts of power |
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Term
| What are the major negative effects of Urbanization? |
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Definition
1. Increase in work related injuries
2. Unhealthy work conditions
3. Air and water pollution
4. Abuses of child labor
5. Social class tensions |
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Term
| What are the major positive effects of Industrialization? |
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Definition
1. Created jobs
2. Improved the wealth of nations
3. Increased technological innovation
4. Increased production
5. Raised standard of living
6. Healthier diets
7. Better Housing
8. Cheaper clothing
9. More educational oppurtunities |
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Term
| Who was Francis Cabot Lowell? |
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Definition
| An American investor that completley mechanized the textile manufacture |
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Term
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Definition
| Sold pieces of an entrepeneur's business in order to fund more expansion |
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Term
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Definition
| A large business owned by stock holders that are not responsible for financial loss |
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Term
| How did the Industrialization shift the balance of world power? |
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Definition
| Industrialized countries grew expotentially creating friction between them and creating friction between nonindustrialized countries |
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Term
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Definition
| econimic policy that lets buisness owners set their own saftey and working conditions |
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Term
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Definition
| Scottish proffesor that wrote the Wealth of Nations and in it defended Capitalism |
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Term
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Definition
| Economic policy stating that the means of prodution are owned by the public and utilized for the public |
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Term
| What were Adam Smith's 3 natural laws of economics? |
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Definition
1. Self Interest- people work for their own good
2. Competion- competion forces better products
3. Supply and Demand- goods will be produced at the lowest cost and will meet the demand |
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Term
| Who was David Livingstone? |
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Definition
| Scottish missionary sent o explore the Congo and promote Christianity |
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Term
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Definition
| American journalist sent to find Dr. Livingstone after he wasn't heard from and to claim land for Belgium |
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Term
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Definition
| Belgian King that asked Henrey Stanley to claim Congo land in his name |
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Term
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Definition
| Zulu cheif that forged a large state in central Africa that his predacessors were unable to keep |
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Term
| Why did Europeans control such a small portian of Africa in the 1800's? |
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Definition
| Large, powerful African armies were able to fend them off |
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Term
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Definition
| Ruler from Ethipoia and the only country to fend off imperialists |
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Term
| What were the motives for the Crimean War |
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Definition
| Russia wanted a warm weather port on the Mediterranean Sea and Britan and France didn't want Russia taking Ottoman lands |
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Term
| Who fought in the Crimean War? |
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Definition
| Russia vs. Ottomans, France, and Britian |
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Term
| What was the outcome of the Crimean War? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why did the Britains want control of the Suez Canal? |
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Definition
| Egypt could not payy it's debts to Britian so Briatian takes control of the Canal |
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Term
| Why did the Persian people oppose selling business concesions to Western businesses? |
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Definition
| Many of the Western Influences were contradictory to their religion |
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Term
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Definition
| Term to describe the British direct control over India after the Sepoy Mutiny |
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Term
| What is the significance of Siam? |
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Definition
| Siam skillfully promoted itself as a nuetral zone between France and Britain which both wanted the island |
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Term
| What were the main similarities between the Dutch East India Trading Company and the British East India Company? |
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Definition
| Dutch believed that they were the dominant race and exploited their colonies for cash crops |
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Term
| What changes took place in Southeast Asia as a result of colonial control? |
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Definition
| The standard of living rose for the native populants but the region became a melting pot of cultures due to the large amounts of laborers needed |
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Term
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Definition
| Austrian King that allied with Camilo Cavour to help him take Northern Italy |
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Term
| What was Piedmont-Sardinia? |
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Definition
| The largest Italian city-state that helped to unify the country |
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Term
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Definition
| First German Kaiser that was incharge of the newly united Germany |
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Term
| Describe the Seven Weeks War |
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Definition
| War between Prussia and Austria over border disputes of Holstien and Schleswig |
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Term
| Describe the Franco-Prussian War |
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Definition
| War between France and Prussia that was used to unite the Southern German states with the rest of Prussia |
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