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World Sociology
HSFC Glossary of key terms
28
Sociology
Not Applicable
04/30/2004

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Cards

Term
Bilateral aid
Definition
Official aid that goes from the government of one country to the government of another.
Term
Cash crops
Definition
Crops grown to sell rather than to use.
Term
Colonialism
Definition
The take-over and exploitation of countries usually be means of superior military force.
Term
Cultural imperialism
Definition
Global dominance of American culture such as McDonalds and Disney.
Term
Dependency (world sociology)
Definition
The state of being dependent on more powerful countries for investment, trade, aid, debt relief, charity, etc.
Term
Global economy
Definition
Refers to the way in which investment and trading now span the entire world. This hinders individual governments' control of the economy, because companies can simply move to other countries.
Term
Global village
Definition
The idea that the world has become much smaller as the media allow us all to communicate easily with each other and to share ideas and lifestyles.
Term
Globalisation
Definition
The increasing interconnectedness and interdependency of the world.
Term
Imperial
Definition
Empire-building.
Term
McDonaldisation (world Sociology)
Definition
A term coined by Ritzer to describe the process by which the principles of the fast food restaurant are coming to dominate more and more sectors of American society as well as the rest of the world.
Term
Military aid
Definition
Aid in the form of weapons or troops.
Term
Multilateral aid
Definition
Aid that is given to international agencies (such as the World Bank) to distribute.
Term
Neo-colonialism
Definition
Modern forms of exploitation of poorer societies by rich societies which are usually dressed up as beneficial, e.g. aid, world trade and transnational investment.
Term
Non-government organisations
Definition
Organisation such as charities like Oxfam which work independently of governments in the developing world.
Term
Satellite or peripheral countries
Definition
Term used by Frank to describe the developing world. The terms indicate its dependence on the 'core' nations.
Term
Shanty towns
Definition
Very poor 'towns' with almost no sanitation, facilities and proper housing that develop outside cities in some developing countries because people are drawn to the city but find there is nowhere to live or that they cannot afford anywhere.
Term
Subsistence farming
Definition
Producing crops in order to subsist or survive only.
Term
Sustainable development
Definition
Development that is not dependent on using up the world's resources.
Term
Tariffs
Definition
Taxes on imports to protect a country's own industries.
Term
Tied aid
Definition
Aid that is dependent on the recipient taking a particular course of action, i.e. usually buying products manufactured by the donor country.
Term
Tiger economies
Definition
Term used to describe fast-growing economies in southeast Asia.
Term
Transnational corporations
Definition
Global businesses that produce and market goods and brands across both the developed and developing worlds.
Term
Under-development
Definition
Term used to describe the process whereby capitalist countries have distorted and manipulated the progress of less developed countries to their own advantage.
Term
World Bank (the)
Definition
Set up after World War II by Western governments to make loans to member states at interest rates below those of commercial banks in order to finance development projects.
Term
Trickle-down
Definition
View that wealth will 'drip' down to the less well-off.
Term
Anti-colonial struggles
Definition
Historically, black resistance to Western attempts to control and exploit black people.
Term
Demography
Definition
The sociological study of population.
Term
Urbanisation
Definition
The growth of cities.
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