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| The sacred scripture of the Muslims, regarded as the word of God dictated to Muhammad by God throug hthe archangel Gabriel. The Prophet received and recited the messages over a period of 20 years. |
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| The cube-shaped building of stone in the open court of the Grand Mosque of Mecca. In Islamic tradition, the first Ka'bah was built by Abraham and Ishmael. |
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| In Arabia, prior to Muhammad's recitations, a person who worshiped one God. Waraq Ibn Nawfal, a kinsman of Khadijah, was a hanif. |
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| In Arabia, a race of beings created from fire, distinguished from humans who were created from clay. Some jinn are good; others are bad. |
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| Muhammad's migration fromm Mecca to Yathrib (Medina) in 622. He and Abu Bakr made the journey in less than the normal eleven days. |
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| Helpers; Medinans who helped Muhammad relocate from Mecca to Medina. They were joined by Muhammad and his companioins after the Hijrah. |
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| The emigrants from Mecca who joined Muhammad in Medina. These early converts to Islam lost their property and income when they followed Muhammad. |
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| "witnessing." The Muslim profession of faith. There is but one God and Muhammad is his messenger (rasul). |
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| "messenger." One who recites for God. Muhammad was the rasul of God. |
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| Obligatory prayer five times daily. |
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| In Islam, the payment of a due to support the community. It is an act of purification through giving. |
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| Fast during daylight hours of Ramadan. |
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| The pilgramage to Mecca, expected of all Muslims. |
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| The Five Pillars of Islam |
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| In Islam, the five requirements made of all Muslims. |
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| The Muslim doctrine of the unity of God. Islam denies any partners to God such as Christians are believed to have in their Trinity. |
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| Each complete cycle of ritual movements that is part of Muslim prayer. During prayer Muslims stand, bow, kneel, and touch their foreheads to the ground. |
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| One who calls Muslims to prayer. Muhammad preferred the human voice to the Christian use of bells. |
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| Informal charity between Muslims. |
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| The custom or tradition of Muhammad. It supplements the Qur'an as a source for the Shari'a. |
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| Reports of what Muhammad said or did; examples for faithful Muslims to follow. The Sunna are the traditions of the prophet in leterary form ofhaditih-reports. |
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| A successor of the prophet Muhammad. The first caliph was Abu Bakr. The great ideal of Islam is that religion and state are not separated. |
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| Members of the "party" of 'Ali, who believed that he should have been the next leader after 'Uthman. |
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| The traditional, majority, Muslims who accepted Mu'awiyah as the next leader after 'Uthman. |
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| In Islam, the expected one. Twelvers believe that an imam is in occultation and will return as a messianic figure. |
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| A client of the Muslims. In exchange for protection, non-Muslims agreed to certain conditions of subservience to Muslims. Jews and Christians were often dhimmis of Muslim rulers. |
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| The duties that God has placed on the Muslim community. It is sometimes translated as "law." |
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| The consensus of Muslim religions leaders on matters of practice. |
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| In Islam, analogies used in applying the Qur'an and the Sunna to other practical situations. |
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| In Muslim law, the considered opinion of Muslim leaders acting for public good. |
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| Muslim clerical scholars. |
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| One of the 99 names of Allah. 'Abd al-Wahhab means "the Servant of the Bestower." |
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| In 1913, in New Jersey, he taught that blacks are Asians, or Muslims. He was a contributor to the Black Muslim movement in the US. |
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| Founder of the Black Muslim movement, the Nation of Islam. Dissatisfied with Christianity, which appeared to be a white religion, Poole organized a religion for blacks. |
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| The branch of Black Muslims that struggles with Christianity and whites. It is not accepted by orthodox Muslims as Islam, which welcomes all races. |
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| Malcom X, or Malcom Little |
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| Formerly of the Nation of Islam, he formed his own group in 1964 in the tradition of Sunni Islam. A major change in his teaching was that all people are brothers and sisters, whites as well as blacks. |
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| A Muslim group formed for African Americans by Wallace Deen Muhammad. World Islam accepts these adherents as Muslims. |
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| The niche in a mosque that signifies the direction of Mecca. Muslims face Mecca when they pray. |
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| The robe, or covering, usually placed over the Ka'bah in Mecca. |
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| The consecrated state in which Muslims perform the Hajj. Muslims abstain from sex, perfume, hunting, and other things during the pilgrimage to Mecca. |
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