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Definition
| "Feast of Sacrifice," Most important religious holiday in the Islamic World, begins the day after the Hajj. Sacrifice of an animal in commemoration of Abraham/Ishmael. |
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| "Feast of Breaking the Fast," major religious holiday at the end of Ramadan |
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| "The God," used by Muslims and Arabic-speakers to refer to God |
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| "Blessing Power" comes from God into creation to benefit human beings |
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| Successors of Muhammad to leadership, but not considered prophets |
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| Broken piece of unleavened bread hidden/set aside to be eaten at the end of the Passover meal |
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| Jewish "lore" - Oral Torah, commentary and stories |
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| Ruler of Syria, tried to force Jews to assume Hellenistic ways |
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| Jews from (Eastern) Europe |
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| "son of the commandment," Age 13, obligation to live Jewish law |
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| "daughter of the commandment," Age 12 |
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| Commentary by later rabbis on issues in Mishnah |
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| Religious divorce, request of the husband |
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| Ritual retelling of Passover story during seder |
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| Law portion of Oral Torah |
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| Festival of lights, Jewish victory over Hellenization program of Antiochus IV |
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| Members of mystical Jewish movement, E. Europe in 1700s, love/relationship w/ God |
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| "The Great Hosanna," 7th day of Succoth, prayers for good harvest cycle |
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| Prayer reflects greatness of God, mourning prayer |
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| "writings," third portion of the Jewish Bible |
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| Prayer on eve of Yom Kippur, forgiveness for breaking vows |
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| "fit" in relation to food Jews can eat |
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| scroll read during Purim, story of Esther |
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| Candelabrum, 9 candles = Hanukkah, 7 candles = Israel, temple |
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Definition
| "doorpost" ritual small parchment containing Shema, affixed to doorpost |
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| "search" for meaning, oral traditions in Gemara, recorded later |
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| Ten males (orthodox) or males and females required for certain prayers |
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| Written compilation of oral halacha (law) 200 C.E. |
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| Opponents of the Hasidim, emphasis on tradition rather than emotion |
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| performs ritual of circumcision |
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| "prophets" 2nd part of Jewish Bible |
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| Spring festival celebrating salvation of Israel, angel of death pass over firstborn |
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| Organized riots, murder of Jews, pillaging |
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| Spring festival celebrating deliverance of Jews in days of Queen Esther |
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| "my master" authorized teacher |
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| Spiritual head of Hasidic community |
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| Festival celebrating the new year |
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| Order of the ritual of Passover meal |
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| Jews from Spain or Arab lands |
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| "hear" fundemantal confession of faith in Deut. 6:4 |
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| 8th day of assembly following Succoth, prayers for rain |
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| 7 day period of mourning deceased relatives, family sits on low stools to receive guests |
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Definition
| ram's horn 100x on Rosh Hashanah and to end Yom Kippur |
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Definition
| "Rejoicing of the Torah", celebration of conclusion and recommencement of Torah reading cycle |
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Definition
| Feast of Tabernacles, divine protection of Israel during wanderings in wilderness |
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| "tabernacle" booth of 3 walls and partial roof, meals and sleep during Succoth |
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| Mishna + Gemara, foundation of Orth. Jew |
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| Made-up name for Jewish Bible |
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Definition
| Symbolically casting one's sins into flowing water, Rosh Hashanah |
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Definition
| Pentateuch, first five books of Tanak |
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| Fringes on prayer shawl to remind of commandments |
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| Yiddish word for round head covering |
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| movement to establish a Jewish state in Israel |
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| Liturgical season of Christian year, 4 sundays before Christmas, purple |
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Definition
| "O Lamb of God" 3x by priest in Latin mass before Communion |
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Definition
| "Analogy of Being" gaining knowledge about God through rational thought/observation |
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| "Analogy of Faith" gaining knowledge about God through revelation from God |
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Definition
| biblical books part of Greek version but not in Greek version. Catholics include, Protestants exclude. |
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Definition
| Statement in Western Catholic church. Father, Son, H.G. |
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Definition
| Humanity's reconciliation with God through sacrifice of Christ |
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Definition
| Sacramental rite through sprinkling or immersion, admits candidate to Christian church |
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Definition
| French reformer & theologian, 1509-1564 |
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| Council on Church Union (CCU) |
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| Movement during 1960-70s, bring together 9 major Protestant communions into 1 church |
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Definition
| "I believe" Latin mass which conatins Nicene confession of faith |
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| model of cross bearing image of Lord |
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Definition
| Recovery of unity of all Christians |
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| Litergical season Jan. 6, celebrates Christ's baptism or manifestation to Magi (Catholic). Color is green. |
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| System of church governance overseen by bishops |
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Definition
| "Thanksgiving" Holy Communion, Lord's supper, Sacrament |
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Definition
| portion of Latin mass give praise to God "Glory to God in the highest" |
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Definition
| Eucharist, Lord's Supper, Sacrament |
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Definition
| Higher grades of Christian ministry - bishop, priest, deacon |
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Definition
| Arian Christians (heresy) Members of the Godhead "of like substance" |
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Definition
| "Of One substance" - Godhead |
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Definition
| flat pictures of Lord, Mary, etc. |
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Definition
| God within himself as triune God composed of Father, Son & H.G. |
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Definition
| Pope in 1958, Vatican II to review Catholic doctrines relating to laity, interfaith attitudes, clergy, etc. |
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Definition
| portion of Latin mass which contains words "Lord have mercy" |
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Definition
| 40 days before Easter, time of penance. Color is purple. |
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Definition
| sets out periods within Christian year for special observance, highlights Christ's major acts |
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Definition
| German Reformation, University of Wittenberg, Catholic priest |
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Definition
| Virgin mother of Jesus, object of veneration, chief among saints |
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Definition
| Philosophical system of Plotinus. Drew ideas from Plato, but more religious. Intellectual basis for life. |
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| Pope in 1963, carried through work of Vatican II |
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Definition
| Public confession of sin with accompanying works. Private act between priest and parishioner. |
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Definition
| 50 days after Easter, coming of Holy Ghost. Color is red. |
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Definition
| arose from Luther and Calvin |
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Definition
| portion of Latin mass which contains words "Holy, Holy, Holy, Lord God of Hosts" |
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Term
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Definition
| Influential of Greek versions of Old Testament, LXX |
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Definition
| Baptism, Confirmation, Eucharist, Penance, Unction, Holy Orders, Matrimony |
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Definition
| Bread and wine of eucharist become body of Christ. |
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Term
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Definition
| Father, Son and H.G. as 1 God, 3 manifestations. Last 5 months of Christian year. Color is green. |
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Definition
| Anointing with oil, baptism, confirmation or blessing of the sick |
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Definition
| Latin version of the Bible. Work of Saint Jerome. |
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Definition
| Witness of faith, prayer, fasting, almsgiving, pilgrimage to Mecca |
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Definition
| reported saying or action of Muhammad. Used to determine sunna of the prophet. |
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| Muhammad's emigration from Mecca to Yathrib (Medina) in 622 C.E. Turning point in Islam. |
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| Sunni tradition, the leader of salat prayer, Shi'ite thought, umma's divinely guided leader |
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Definition
| "submission" monotheistic worship |
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Definition
| "striving" or "struggling" to serve God and the umma. "Holy War" |
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Definition
| Black-draped cubicle structure in Mecca which contains black stone, first built by Abraham and Ishmael |
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Definition
| Messianic figure, will appear at the end of history to prepare world for final judgment |
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Definition
| Most sacred place of Islam, birthplace of Muhammad |
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| "City of the Prophet" 2nd holiest, Yathrib |
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Definition
| Tower associated with a mosque |
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Term
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Definition
| masjid = "place of prostration" for ritual prayer. Communal life. |
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Definition
| Individual who gives the call to prayer |
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Definition
| Founder of Islam, prophetic figure through whom Allah revealed the Qur'an |
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Definition
| Person who practices Islam, "one who submits to God" |
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Definition
| "recitation" holy book of Islam, will of Allah delivered to Muhammad through angel Gabriel |
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| Month in which Muhammad received his initial call. Muslims fast during daylight hours. |
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Definition
| Ritual prayer 5x day, physical movements to turn heart and mind toward God |
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Definition
| Fasting to promote spirituality |
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Definition
| Muslim confession of faith, "there is no god but God, and Muhammad is His Messenger" |
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Definition
| all-inclusive legal code of Islam |
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Definition
| Muslims who believe leadership should have passed to Muhammad's son-in-law, hereditary |
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| Heresy of ascribing partners to God, believing in more than one deity |
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| Branch that emphasizes internal spiritual experience rather than external ritual |
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| customs and exemplary behavior of Muhammad |
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| Majority sect, consensual leadership |
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Definition
| uncompromised unity of god, "there is no god but Allah" |
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| Religious scholars or clergy who are the authoritative interpreters of Islamic law |
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| 2.5% of wealth to support umma, charitable giving |
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| Zarathustra's name for God, "Lord of Wisdom" power, deity, guardian, creator |
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Definition
| "Holy Immortals" 6 divine angels/attributes with Ahura Mazda make up Holy Heptad (sacred 7) |
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| Zarathustra's name for destructive spirit, The Devil |
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Definition
| Cacausoid branch of Indo-Europeans, Aryans of Iran originated Zoroastrianism, Aryans of India originated Hinduism |
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| "Order, truth, justice" governing principles of the world |
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| Sacred book of ancient Zoroastrianism, 1/4 original has survived |
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| Language of Zarathustra and the Avesta |
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Definition
| bridge of judgment to connect world to afterlife |
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| "grave," walled tower where Zoroastrians expose dead to vultures and crows for disposal of flesh, tower of silence |
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| pejorative term used by Muslims for Zoroastrians |
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| Hymns or poems written by Zarathustra, most authoritative expressions of Zoroastrian faith |
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Definition
| Primal Man, father of Mashye and Mashyane |
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Definition
| Sacred plant whose juice is offered in the Yasna |
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Definition
| "sacred cord" Girdle received by Zoroastrians at navjote and worn at all times. Untied and retied accompany prayers. |
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Definition
| Priestly caste associated with Zoroastrian priesthood |
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| First human couple, Adam and Eve of Zoroastrian tradition |
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| "high god" of pre-zoroastrianism Iran, present in Vedas of Hindu literature |
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| Public ceremony of initiation into the Zoroastrian faith |
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| Urine of an ox or bull consecrated by prayer, used for cleansing |
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| Middle Persian, language which Zoroastrian books are written |
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| "Persians" who settled in India to seek freedom from religious oppression of Muslim Iran. Largest community of Zoroastrians in the world. |
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| The coming Savior; messiah figure |
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| White cotton undershirt worn next to skin as religious symbol of commitment and protection |
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| "Code against the demons" book of purification, read at night in lengthy ritual |
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| A hymn to Ahura Mazda or some other immortal being. |
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| Founder of Zoroastrianism |
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