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| The first 5 books of the Hebrew bible, traditionally ascribed to Moses but scholars argue there are many different sorces |
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| places of meeting for Torah reading and communal worship |
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| quality of impurity or misfortune |
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| small cubic shrine in Mecca, purged in 630 CE in the Conquest of Mecca |
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| the willful and persistent rejection of any article of faith;opinion or doctrine at variance with the orthodox or accepted doctrine |
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| invisible spiritual beings or powers (can also refer to elements of a landscape or forces of nature) |
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| purification ritual involving washing the full body |
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Patriarchs: Abraham, Isaac and Jacob
Abraham-father of the Jews
given 3 promises- land, nation and offspring |
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| teachers and leaders in Rabbinic Jewish communities |
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| form of Islamic government |
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| circa 200 BCE the Pentateuch was translated to Greek, other books were later added and it was THE book for early Christians |
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women, married people, protestants etc. invited to observe and open to media
progressive majority
originally Catholic worship was in Latin, now everyone has a role in the church and Catholics should develop good relations with all Christians |
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| the ascension of Muhammad into the lowest heaven of the 7 |
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| eventually developed into a powerful social and political force objecting to public education, big govt, etc. |
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| ritually acceptable foods in Judaism |
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1st Christian Emperor in 4th CE
spread the religion extremely |
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utters divinely inspired messages
some wrote books and some did not |
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| the thought and practice especially of various cults of late pre-Christian and early Christian centuries distinguished by the conviction that matter is evil and that emancipation comes through the esoteric knowledge of spiritual truth |
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Matthew, Mark and Luke
similar in some places and different in others
similar chronology |
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| esoteric Jewish teachings from the Middle Ages |
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| Jews living outside of Israel (more outside than in the land itself) |
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| Largest religion in the world |
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| 3 sects within Second Temple Judaism |
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| Sadducees, Pharisees, Essenes |
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| Where is Shintoism practiced? |
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Jesus never wrote anything, biographies written decades after his life, difficult to separate his actual words and deeds from later additions.
Gospels written way after Jesus and in Greek but he likely spoke Aramaic |
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| biblical and non-biblical texts, tells much about Judaism at the time and Hebrew, Aramaic and Greek |
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| the church in the Middle Ages |
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| first Christian emperor (Constantine) spread religion extremely, Catholic Church was the only church, killed those who would not convert |
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| sacred scripture of Islam, divine messages given to Muhammad over 23 years |
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| How many books are in the New Testament? |
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| sacred law of Islam based chiefly on the Qur'an and Sunnah of Muhammad |
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belief and witness-shahada
daily prayers- salat
charity- zakat
fasting- sawm
pilgrimage- hajj |
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| 3 kinds of Rabbinic texts |
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| The Mishnah, The Talmud, Midrash |
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| 3 divisions of Modern Judaism |
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| Orthodox Judaism, Reform Judaism, Conservative Judaism |
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| Divisions of Modern Islam |
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Sunni- "people of the Sunnah" accept the authority of the elected caliphates
Shi'a- accept the authority of the 7 or 12 Imans beginning with Ali |
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| What was the Protestant Reformation and its impact on modern Christianity? |
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| huge movements of new religions, many becoming huge for instance Baptist |
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