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World Religion
Dante World Religioin
54
Nursing
Undergraduate 1
01/18/2012

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Term
Myth
Definition

Stories about the past retold because of the values they portray.  For example, Jesus has a last supper with his disciples

 

Term
Agnosticism
Definition
The position that God's existence is not provable and therefore we should doubt
Term
Rituals
Definition
Prescribed, formalized actions that are used to dramatize religious symbols
Term
Ontological Arguement
Definition
Areguement which states that God is defined as a perfect being, and since existence is one of the qualities of prefection, God must exist, by this very definition
Term
Theodicy
Definition
Theological explaniation dealing with the problem of evil
Term
Cosmological Argument
Definition
Says that everything is caused by something else that must have come before it
Term
Fundamentalists
Definition
People who are strict about their religious doctrine and ethics. They normally emphasize a literal interpretation of scriptures.
Term
Animism
Definition
The doctrine that there are spirits in everything - not just in each person, but in animals, plants, places, and even in natural phenomena
Term
Theologians
Definition
They attempt to use philosophy and rational elaboration to explain or argue religious doctrine
Term
Doctrine
Definition
The specific teachings of a denomination on the nature of the deity, sin, salvation and/or afterlife.
Term
Theocracy
Definition
A government run by religion, or at lest one in which the religious leaders have a great deal of influence.
Term
Religion
Definition
A system of symbols, myths, doctrines, ethics, and rituals for the expression of ultimate relevance
Term
Atheism
Definition
The position that no deity exists
Term
Symbol
Definition
Something that is used to represent something else
Term
Humanism
Definition
The position that people are basically good and can work out their own salvation
Term
Syncretism
Definition
The blending that takes place when different religions come into contact
Term
Scripture
Definition
The term for sacred writings.
Term
Monotheism
Definition
The position that only one deity exists
Term
Mystics
Definition
`They seek to attain an altered state of consciousness that they understand as intimate union with the deity
Term
Sacrifice
Definition
A ritual offering of something to a deity
Term
Cynics
Definition
Saw humans as evil
Term
Magic
Definition
The use of ritual to manipulate spirits or natural phenomena for utilitarian or ulterior relevance. The attempt to manipulate spiritual forces
Term
Puberty Rite
Definition
Rituals for coming of age; initiation into adulthood
Term
Plato
Definition
Dualist philosopher, transmigration; student of Socrates, teacher of Aristotle
Term
Shaman
Definition
Medicine man; a figure prominent in the religion of tribal cultures; performs a variety of rituals such as exorcisms
Term
Great Mother
Definition
Fertility goddess prevalent in Hellenistic times
Term
High God
Definition
A father, creator god who has withdrawn from active intervention in the world; a feature of many tribal religions
Term
Vision Quest
Definition
Puberty rite of American Indians; young man is sent into the wilderness for communion with spirits
Term
Teleological Argument
Definition
Since there is so much structure and apparent purpose in the natural world, there must be a God who set the planets in their orbits and designed the body. Also known as the design argument.
Term
Stoics
Definition
Advocated self-control
Term
Olympian
Definition
Greek pantheon of deities, headed by Zues
Term
Ahimsa
Definition
A term implying peaceful interaction with other beings; non-injury
Term
Medicine Man
Definition
Shamanic figure who uses folk medicine (e.g. North american Indians)
Term
Megaliths
Definition
Stone monument centers for rituals (e.g. Stonehenge for the Celts)
Term
Zeus
Definition
Greek deity, head of Olympian pantheon
Term
Aztec
Definition
14th - 15th century Mexican civilization; emphasis is on priests, theriomorphic polytheism, multiple creation, human sacrifice, and calendar-based divination
Term
Exorcism
Definition
Using rituals to drive out evil spirits; performed by shamans, priests, sorcerers, witch doctors
Term
Taboo
Definition
Something forbidden for ordinary use
Term
Oracles
Definition
Greek shrines, emphasized divination
Term
Hellenistic
Definition
Period which began around 300 B.C.E with Alexander's conquests
Term
Socrates
Definition
Greek philosopher, teacher of Plato, taught by asking questions
Term
Gnostics
Definition
Ascetic, dualist mystics; prevalent in early common era
Term
Epicureans
Definition
Said that pleasure was the greatest good
Term
Dionysius
Definition
Greek deity whose worship has a drunken orgy in which a live animal would be devoured
Term
Upanishads
Definition
The last pare of the Vedas consisting of philosophical materials; became the basis for post-classical Hinduism
Term
Vishnu
Definition
Hindu preserver deity
Term
Atman
Definition
Upanishad concept of the human soul; at it core is equivalent to Brahman
Term
Brahman
Definition
Absolute reality; the pantheistic deity of Upanishads and Vendanta Hinduism
Term
Vedas
Definition
Earliest and most sacred of all Hindu literature; described Aryan conquest, castes polytheistic
Term
Yoga
Definition
Hindu bodily exercises for mystical experience
Term
Mesopotamia
Definition
Region of civilization arising between Tigris and Euphrates rivers (Iraq); emphasis on divination, creation myths
Term
Aceeticism
Definition
Self-denial of pleasure; self-imposition of hardship to achieve spiritual advancement
Term
Jainism
Definition
A very ascetic Indian religion; atheist, dualist, non-injury to animals; Mahavira was its major proponent in the 6th century B.C.E.
Term
Bhagavad Gita
Definition
Hindu book composed between the 1st century B.C.E. and the 2nd century C.E. in the wake of the Upanishads, Buddhism, and Jainism; it accepted karma and transmigration, but discourage the mystical approach to salvation, defending instead devotion to caste duties and theistic devotion to specific deities
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