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World Music And Cultures
Midterm 1 vocab
96
Music
Undergraduate 3
10/19/2011

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Cards

Term
Shamans
Definition
intermediaries between the spirit world and humans
Term
Pasturalists
Definition
Tuvan relationship to nature
Term
Sound Mimesis
Definition
Aesthetically informed imitation of sounds in nature.
Term
Animism
Definition
The belief that natural objects and phenomena have souls or are inhabited by spirits
Term
Höömii
Definition
general term for “throat singing”
Term
Höömiich
Definition
throat singer
Term
Sygyt
Definition
”to whistle”; middle register drone with a great deal of tension in the voice; the harmonics sound very much like a whistle
Term
Kargyraa
Definition
”To wheeze”; drone is located very low in register; harmonics are clearly derived from vowel shapes in mouth. It resembles a Tibetan Buddhist chant→it has two times as many tones as normal singing
Term
Borbangnadyr
Definition
”Rolling”; characterized by a pulsating rhythm that imitates rushing water or galloping horses→mixes styles of the other genres, and can be described as “shimmering”
Term
Shoor
Definition
End-blown Tuvan flute made from reed or wood (3 holes)
Term
Igil
Definition
2-stringed upright fiddle with horsehair strings (horsehead fiddle)
Term
Xomus
Definition
Jew’s harp
Term
Dünggür
Definition
Frame drum played by shamans.
Term
Herder
Definition
the type of person who lives in Tuva, a place in the south of Siberia in Russia. Tuva is next to Mongolia.
Term
Bashkirs
Definition
A Turkic speaking people from the Ural Mountains. That sing Uzliau
Term
Carnatic (Karnatac)
Definition
Indian Music, referring to South Indian Music Style, more based on compisition sets
Term
Vina
Definition
Most Important, string instrument in karnatic music
Term
Mridangam
Definition
Common drum, double headed, Karnatic music
Term
Hindustani
Definition
Indian Music, referring to North Indian Music Style, more improvised, influenced by Islamic belief and law (13th century and onward)
Term
Sitar
Definition
plucked fretted String Instrument, long neck (hindustani)
Term
Sarod
Definition
fretless string instrument (hindustani)
Term
Sarangi
Definition
bowed lute (Hindustani)
Term
Tabla
Definition
Common drums, paired drums that have individual heads (hindustani)
Term
Bansuri
Definition
Indian bamboo flute (both Hindustani and Karnatic)
Term
Tyagaraja
Definition
Saint, a composer, devoted to Rama, in the Trinity of Karnatic Music.
Term
Tansen
Definition
Court Musician who needed to illustrate his professionalism in order to escape charges of emotive and sensual musical performance within the Islamic context of the Mughal empire.
Term
Gharana
Definition
A school of professional musicians who originally traced their heritage to a family tradition but which now includes non biological descendants as well (Hindustani).
Term
Raga
Definition
A scale, and it is associated musical characteristics such as the number of pitches it contains, its manner of ascending and descending, its predominant pitch, and so forth.
Term
Svara
Definition
Pitches, that relate to each other through a series of rules in a Raga.
Term
Vakra
Definition
Crooked, when a Raga starts in one direction, reverses course, and then continues in the original direction.
Term
Gamaka
Definition
Ornamentation of a note.
Term
Sargam
Definition
a solfege system, helps to organize and learn ragas, also serves in performance, helping artists to improvise (called svarakalpana)
Term
Svarakalpana
Definition
Improvised singing of pitches using their names in Karnatak Music
Term
Mukhra
Definition
Initial phrase of a khyal of gat used as a cadence for improvisational passages in Hindustani Music.
Term
Eduppu
Definition
The beginning of a phrase in Karnatak Music used as a cadence for improvizations.
Term
Laya
Definition
Tempo
Term
Drut
Definition
Fast
Term
Vilambit
Definition
Slow
Term
Tala
Definition
Meter
Term
Jati
Definition
There are 5 of them, ____s are the families of karnatic rhythms.
Term
Bol
Definition
Rhythmic syllable in Hindustani Music.
Term
Solkattu
Definition
The rhythmic eqivalent of sargam (solfege system), works by combining syllables that require very little movement of the lips, but are easily distinguishable from one another into patterns that are distinctive for each jati.
Term
Bhajan
Definition
A Hindu devotional song, expressing bhakti (devotional love), usually not virtuosic, sometimes a few performers, but more often than not a larger group of performers.
Term
Kriti
Definition
The major song type of Karnatak music. Performed in a virtuosic manner. Fewer participants, emphasis on displays of skill and technique. Performer more likely to play in concerts as opposed to just ritual events.
Term
Alap(anam)
Definition
Raga improvisation in free rhythm.
Term
Pallavi
Definition
The opening section of a Karnatak song form (clear articulation of the eduppu).
Term
Anupallavi
Definition
Second section of Kriti or other Karnatak song form (Introduction of the new melodic/rhythmic theme).
Term
Caranam
Definition
Last of 3 sections in Karnatak kriti or other song form.
Term
Jor
Definition
The section of Hindustani instrumental performance which follows alap and introduces a pulse (no percussion but metered)
Term
Jhala
Definition
The concludint section of instrumental improvisation following jor in Hindustani music during which the performer makes lively and fast rhythmic patterns on the drone strings of an instrument.
Term
Jor
Definition
The section of Hindustani instrumental performance which follows alap and introduces a pulse (no percussion but metered)
Term
Jhala
Definition
The concluding section of instrumental improvisation following jor in Hindustani music during which the performer makes lively and fast rhythmic patterns on the drone strings of an instrument.
Term
Gat
Definition
The section of Hindustani instrumental performance, accompanied by tabla, in which a tune, the ____ is alternated with improvisational passages, tora.
Term
Dhrupad
Definition
A severe classical song and instrumental form of Hindustani music.
Term
Khyal
Definition
The major vocal style of Hindustani music.
Term
Ghazal
Definition
A form of poetry associated with Perso-Arabic Muslim culture enthusiastically taken up by Urdu speakers in North India and Pakistan where it is often sung.
Term
Volkstümlich
Definition
“Folklike” music, often referring to ethnic popular music in ethnic communities from Central Europe.
Term
Klezmer music
Definition
Jewish instrumental ensembles that performed, often professionally, for both Jewish and non-Jewish social functions.
Term
Saami
Definition
Circumpolar peoples, living in northern Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Russia.
Term
Roma
Definition
One of the largest groups of Gypsy communities in Europe.
Term
Volkslied
Definition
German tearm for “folk song.”
Term
Tamburitza
Definition
Folk-music ensemble in the Balkan countries of southeastern Europe.
Term
Gusle
Definition
Bowed stringed instrument of the Balkans, used to accompany epic singing. Also used in North American ethnic communities from the Balkans to accompany epics.
Term
Becar
Definition
Instrumentalist and musical specialist in southeastern Europe, often distinguished by great mobility.
Term
Eurovision
Definition
A European music competition characterized by crazy performances and stylistic takes on all types of music. European countries compete to win.
Term
Herder
Definition
Credited with developing the idea of folk as the basis and root authenticity of the nation.
Term
Bira
Definition
A Shona religious ceremony involving spirit possession.
Term
Mbira
Definition
A 22 key shona lamellaphone, originally associated with the Zezuru Shona of central Zimbabwe.
Term
Kushaura/kutsinhira
Definition
”To lead the piece”; the second accompanying part played by a second Shona mbira player.
Term
Musical bow
Definition
A bent stick with a single string which is struck with another stick or plucked; a gourd resonator is attached to the bow or, on a second type, the mouth cavity serves as resonator.
Term
Hocket
Definition
Interlocking pitches between 2 or more sound sources to create a single melody or part.
Term
Jali
Definition
Professional Mande musician and verbal artist (Mali)
Term
Kora
Definition
A 21 string bridge harp played by Mande jalolu (associated with jali’s).
Term
Dundun
Definition
(Yoruba, Nigeria)→Hourglass-shaped “talking drum” of the Yoruba of Nigeria.
Term
Highlife
Definition
(Ghana)→A form of urban-popular dance-band music in Ghana; also played in Nigeria and elsewhere in west Africa. Liberian roots.
Term
Palmwine
Definition
(Ghana)→hybrid style of highlife developed in the 1920’s that was named for the taverns in which the music was played.
Term
Juju
Definition
(Nigeria)→grew out of palmwine, T.K. coined the term _____ music in the 1930’s, early style was a trio, no brass (the major difference between juju and highlife), talking drum and other hybrid drums→electric guitar incorporated in the 50’s, and 16-20 players since then.
Term
Chimurenga
Definition
(Zimbabwe)→1970’s, born out of liberation struggles, highly political, uses mbira.
Term
Parlando rubato
Definition
Old style Hungarian folk music
Term
Tempo giusto
Definition
New style hungarian music
Term
Saz
Definition
Loot like instrument (Europe)
Term
Ladino
Definition
Roman vernacular for safartic Jews
Term
Melismatic
Definition
an expressive vocal phrase or passage consisting of several notes sung to one syllable
Term
Jinghu
Definition
The leading melodic inctrument in the Peking Opera theater. It is a 2 stringed bamboom spike fiddle with a very high and piercing range and timbre.
Term
Qin (pronounced Chin)
Definition
a Chinese seven-stringed zither. It is the mpost revered instrument and was patronized by members of the educated class.
Term
Wemzipu
Definition
Prose tablature for quin
Term
Jianzipu
Definition
abbreviated character tablature for quin
Term
Portaento
Definition
Gliding between notes
Term
Jiangnan sizhu
Definition
Silk and bamboo ensemble
Term
Pipa
Definition
A pear-shaped, four stringed plucked lute with a short bent neck and many frets.
Term
Erhu
Definition
2 stringed Chinese spike fiddle with hollow wooden cylindrical sound box
Term
Wen
Definition
lyrical stype on pipa
Term
Wen
Definition
lyrical style on pipa
Term
Wu
Definition
Martial style on pipa
Term
Sheng
Definition
A chinese free reed mouth organ
Term
Yangqin
Definition
A Chinese dulcimer struck with a pair of bamboo sticks
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