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| poet in oral culture: preserves history; entertains court; spreads hero's fame |
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compressed metaphor (sky-candle, ring-giver) |
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| "man-price": substitute for violence, prevents feuding |
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fate (to the scribal monks=God's will) |
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| verbal duel: substitute for violence, prevents feuding |
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| the progressive construction of the hero thru his wit and deeds |
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| the native spoken language used by the lay peoples, i.e. Old English/not Latin |
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| the break or pause in a line of alliterative poetry |
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| unrhymed verse of the Germanic languages in which the repition of consonant sounds is a basic structural element. Each line is divided by a caesura. |
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Ring Composition-- Three interlocking fights from Beowulf |
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| Grendel, Grendel's mother, the dragon |
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Beowulf & Hrothgar Grendel & Scyld Scefing |
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| tracing Arthur's lineage back to Troy and Ancient Hero's |
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| Allegorical Interpretation |
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Literal (historical plot)-what actually happens. Typological (allegorical)- illustrates Christian truths. Moral- conversion of soul, what should be done. Anagogical- deals w/eternity or the "4 last things:Heaven, Hell, Death & Judgment. |
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| amor ex miseria. "desire/love prompted by poverty or need" |
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amor ex misericordia. "desire/love prompted by pity or mercy" Augustine defined these two. |
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| Warrior Code + Chivalric additions |
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Prowess Justice Truth Loyalty Defense Courage Faith Humility Largess Nobility Farnchise
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| reading characters by their appearance |
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Black bile, blood, yellow bile, phlegm. Create a balance. |
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The Divine Order of Existence ((Great Chain of Being) |
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-God -Angels -Man -Animals -Vegetables -Minerals |
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| a short fable characterized by vivid detail and realistic observation. Usually comic and coarsely erotic, they offer a unique sense of "real" justice. |
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Nicholas is satirized for this. based on the authority of the Latin Fathers and of Aristotle and his commentators. |
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"debate over women". prologue of wife of bath done in this tradition. scholars and theologians debated the inherent "good" of women and their role in society. |
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A statement of faith or defense of one's life.Salvation comes thru confession and redemption; early form of autobiography. |
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| "Scattered ryhmes" technique used by Petrarch in his sonnets. |
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language which exploits a particular set of images for comparison w/the desparing lover and his unpitying but idolized mistress Solidified in the concept of the Donan Angelicotta... |
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| the unattainable love object that will act as the poet's spiritual guide, eventually leading him away from worldly love to the eternal salvation of spiritual love. (the mistress). |
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| Shakespeare's sonnets 127-154. Present the object of love, the dark lady, "as a tempting but degrading object of desire." |
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-Spiritual love vs. worldly love and lust. -The female object as spiritual guide and/or spiritual obstacle. -The role of marriage in spiritual salvation. -The role of poetry/desire for worldly fame. -the place of the individual in the world. |
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