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| Long poem that tells the deeds of a great hero,such as the Illiad and the Odyssey of Homer. |
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| In early Greece, the qualities of excellence that a hero strives to win in a struggle or contest. |
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| Early Greek City State, consisting of a city or town and its surrounding countryside. |
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| In early Greek city states, a fortified gathering place at the top of a hill that was sometimes the site of temples and public buildings. |
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| In early Greek city states, an open area that served as a gathering place and a market. |
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| In early Greek military systems, a heavily armed foot soldier. |
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| A wall of shields created by foot soldiers marching shoulder to shoulder in a rectangular formation. |
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| A ruler who seized power by force from the aristocrats, gained support form the newly rich and the poor, and maintained power by using hired soldiers and fighting tactics. |
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| "The rule of the many"; form of government by the people, either directly or through their elected representatives. |
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| "The rule of the few"; form of government in which a select group of people exercises control. |
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| In ancient Sparta, a captive person who was forced to work for the conqueror. |
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| One of the five men elected each year in ancient Sparta who were responsible for the education of youth and the conduct of all citizens. |
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| Period between 461 BC and 429 BC when Pericles dominated Athenian politics and Athens reached the height of its power. |
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| A system of government in which the people participate directly in government decision making through mass meetings. |
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| In ancient Athens, the process for temporarily banning ambitious politicians from the city by popular vote. |
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| In ancient Greece, a sacred shrine where a god or goddess was said to reveal the future through a priest or priestess. |
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| A form of drama that portrays a conflict between the protagonist and a superior force and having a protagonist who is brought to ruin or extreme sorrow, especially as a result of a fatal flaw. |
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| An organized system of thought, from the Greek for "love of wisdom" |
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| The method of teaching used by the Greek philosopher Socrates; it employs a question-and-answer format to lead pupils to see things for themselves by using their own reason. |
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| The age of Alexander the Great; period when the Greek language and ideas were carried to the non-Greek world. |
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| School of thought developed by the philosopher Epicurus in Hellenistic Athens; it held that happiness is the chief goal in life, and the means to achieve happiness was the pursuit of pleasure. |
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| A school of thought developed by the teacher Zeno in Hellenistic Athens; it says that happiness can be achieved only when people gain inner peace by living in harmony with the will of God and that people should bear whatever life offers. |
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