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| of or relating to the Eastern Orthodox Church or the rites performed in it |
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| Byzantine emperor who held the eastern frontier of his empire against the Persians; codified Roman Law in 529; his general Belisarius regained North Africa and Spain |
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| Byzantine general under Justinian I; he recovered former Roman territories in northern Africa and fought against the Persians |
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| of or pertaining to or characteristic of Judaism |
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| one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship |
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| the medieval Russian state established by Scandanavian traders in the 9th century; the capital was first in Novgorod and then in Kiev |
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| relating to or written in the alphabet used for writing Slavic languages |
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| king of the Franks who unified Gaul and established his capital at Paris and founded the Frankish monarchy |
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| relating to or belonging to the Middle Ages |
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| the collective body of Christians throughout the world and history (found predominantly in Europe and the Americas and Australia) |
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| (Roman Catholic Church) a pope distinguished for his spiritual and temporal leadership |
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| asceticism as a form of religious life |
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| the superior of an abbey of monks |
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| king of the Franks and Holy Roman Emperor |
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| proceeding from or ordered by or subject to a pope or the papacy regarded as the successor of the Apostles |
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| the guidance of ships or airplanes from place to place |
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| a piece of land held under the feudal system |
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| the social system that developed in Europe in the 8th C; vassals were protected by lords who they had to serve in war |
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| the loyalty that citizens owe to their country |
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| righteousness by virtue of being pious |
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| the government of the Roman Catholic Church |
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| the first Lancastrian king of England from 1399 to 1413 |
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| an ancient country is southwestern Asia on the east coast of the Mediterranean; a place of pilgrimage for Christianity and Islam and Judaism |
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| sultan of Syria and Egypt |
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| characteristic of the style of type commonly used for printing German |
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| a buttress that stands apart from the main structure and connected to it by an arch |
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| a condition of spiritual awareness; divine illumination |
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| the system of philosophy dominant in medieval Europe |
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| any opinions or doctrines at variance with the official or orthodox position |
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| the epidemic form of bubonic plague experienced during the Middle Ages when it killed nearly half the people of western Europe |
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| the period of European history at the close of the Middle Ages and the rise of the modern world |
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| the doctrine that people's duty is to promote human welfare |
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| concerning those not members of the clergy; "set his collar in laic rather than clerical position" |
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| a political unit governed by a deity |
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| previous determination as if by destiny or fate |
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| declare invalid; "The contract was annulled"; "void a plea" |
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| a reformation intended to counter the results of a prior reformation |
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| travel around, either by plane or ship; "We compassed the earth" |
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| an economic system based on private ownership of capital |
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| the ruler of a Muslim country (especially of the former Ottoman Empire) |
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| title for the former hereditary monarch of Iran |
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| a Japanese warrior who was a member of the feudal military aristocracy |
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| a hereditary military dictator of Japan; the shoguns ruled Japan until the revolution of 1867-68 |
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| an epigrammatic Japanese verse form of three short lines |
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| a male monarch or emperor (especially of Russia prior to 1917) |
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| assimilation of Western culture; the social process of becoming familiar with or converting to the customs and practices of Western civilization |
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| having the earth as the center ant |
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| French writer who was the embodiment of 18th century Enlightenment |
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| an act passed by the British parliment in 1756 that raised revenue from the American colonies by a duty in the form of a stamp required on all newspapers and legal or commercial documents |
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| the first of the three estates of the realm; the clergy in France and the lords spiritual in Britain |
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| the second estate of the realm the nobility of the rank of duke or marquess or earl or viscount or baron |
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| the third estate of the realm; the commons viewed as forming a political order having representation in a parliament |
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| the social class between the lower and upper classes |
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| closure imposed on the debate of specific sections of a bill |
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| instrument of execution that consists of a weighted blade between two vertical poles; used for beheading people |
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| a revolution whose aim is to reverse the changes introduced by a previous revolution |
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| a sudden and decisive change of government illegally or by force [syn {coup}, {putsch}, {takeover}] |
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| a vote by the electorate determining public opinion on a question of national importance |
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| love of country and willingness to sacrifice for it [syn {patriotism}] |
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| French general who became emperor of the French (1769-1821) [syn {Napoleon I}, {Napoleon Bonaparte}, {Bonaparte}, {the Little Corporal}] |
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| characteristic of or associated with soldiers or the military; "military uniforms" [ant {unmilitary}] |
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| an elaborate and systematic plan of action [syn {scheme}] |
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| of or pertaining to or typical of Europe; "a continental breakfast" |
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| the czar of Russia whose plans to liberalize the government of Russia were unrealized because of the wars with Napoleon (1777-1825) [syn {Alexander I}, {Aleksandr Pavlovich}] |
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| protection against future loss [syn {insurance}] |
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| extremely conservative [syn {reactionist}, {far-right}] |
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| voluntarily absent from home or country [syn {expatriate}] |
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| the transformation from an agricultural to an industrial nation [syn {technological revolution}] |
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| artifact consisting of a space that has been enclosed for some purpose |
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| a presentation for the stage or screen or radio or television; "have you seen the new production of Hamlet?" |
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| small-scale industry that can be carried on at home by family members using their own equipment |
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| a plant consisting of buildings with facilities for manufacturing [syn {mill}, {manufacturing plant}, {manufactory}] |
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| the development of industry on an extensive scale [syn {industrialisation}, {industrial enterprise}] |
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| using steam to create energy |
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| of or relating to fabrics or fabric making; "textile research" |
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| an organization of employees formed to bargain with the employer; "you have to join the union in order to get a job" [syn {union}, {trade union}, {trades union}, {brotherhood}] |
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| a group's refusal to work in protest against low pay or bad work conditions; "the strike lasted more than a month before it was settled" [syn {work stoppage}] |
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| the production of large quantities of a standardized article (often using assembly line techniques) |
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| easily moved out and replaced |
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| mechanical system in a factory whereby an article is conveyed through sites at which successive operations are performed on it [syn {production line}, {line}] |
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| someone who organizes a business venture and assumes the risk for it [syn {enterpriser}] |
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| a political theory advocating state ownership of industry |
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| a form of socialism that abolishes private ownership |
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| a level of material comfort in terms of goods and services available to someone [syn {standard of life}] |
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| apparatus used to communicate at a distance over a wire (usually in Morse code) [syn {telegraphy}] |
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| the spontaneous emission of a stream of particles or electromagnetic rays in nuclear decay [syn {radiation}] |
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| partial sterilization of foods at a temperature that destroys harmful microorganisms without major changes in the chemistry of the food [syn {pasteurisation}] |
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| characterized by insensibility; "the young girls are in a state of possession--blind and deaf and anesthetic"; "an anesthetic state" [syn {anesthetic(a)}, {anaesthetic(a)}] |
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| English natural scientist who formulated a theory of evolution by natural selection (1809-1882) [syn {Darwin}, {Charles Robert Darwin}] |
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| physicist born in Germany who formulated the special theory of relativity and the general theory of relativity; Einstein also proposed that light consists of discrete quantized bundles of energy (later called photons) (1879-1955) [syn {Einstein}] |
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| the condition of being urbanized [syn {urbanisation}] |
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| impractical romantic ideals and attitudes |
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| the attribute of accepting the facts of life and favoring practicality and literal truth [syn {pragmatism}] |
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| a school of late 19th century French painters who pictured appearances by strokes of unmixed colors to give the impression of reflected light |
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| a legal right guaranteed by the 15th amendment to the US constitution; guaranteed to women by the 19th amendment; "American women got the vote in 1920" [syn {right to vote}, {vote}] |
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| the intense dislike for and prejudice against Jewish people |
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| a policy for establishing and developing a national homeland for Jews in Palestine |
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| a person born in the West Indies or spanish America but of European, usually Spanish, ancestry. |
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