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| Physical geography is that branch of natural science which deals with the study of processes and patterns in the natural environment like the atmosphere, biosphere and geosphere, as opposed to the cultural or built environment, the domain of human geography. |
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| basic physical and organizational structures needed for the operation of a society or enterprise,[1] or the services and facilities necessary for an economy to function |
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| Local Functional Specialization |
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| People in particular places concentrate on the production of particular goods and services |
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| The terms nation, state, country and nation-state are used to refer to political, economic, social and cultural actors in the international system. The modern nation-state refers to a single or multiple nationalities joined together in a formal political union. |
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| (from Latin centrum, meaning "center", and fugere, meaning "to flee") represents the effects of inertia that arise in connection with rotation and which are experienced as an outward force away from the center of rotation. |
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| (from Latin centrum "center" and petere "to seek"[1]) is a force that makes a body follow a curved path: it is always directed orthogonal to the velocity of the body, toward the instantaneous center of curvature of the path. |
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Extending beyond or transcending established borders or spheres of influence held by separate nations
ex. the EU |
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| is the statutory granting of powers from the central government of a sovereign state to government at a subnational level, such as a regional, local, or state level. Devolution can be mainly financial, e.g. giving areas a budget which was formerly administered by central government |
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| is a region comprising a number of cities, large towns, and other urban areas that, through population growth and physical expansion, have merged to form one continuous urban and industrially developed area |
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| the huge, fast-acquired wealth of some businessmen of the former Soviet republics during privatization in Russia and other post-Soviet states in 1990s |
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| a form of power structure in which power effectively rests with a small number of people |
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coldest of all biomes
Extremely cold climate
Low biotic diversity
Simple vegetation structure
Limitation of drainage
Short season of growth and reproduction
Energy and nutrients in the form of dead organic material
Large population oscillations |
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| The taiga is located near the top of the world, just below the tundra biome. Largest biome in the world. Contains Boreal forests |
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| is soil at or below the freezing point of water 0 °C (32 °F) for two or more years |
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| "A symbolic relocation of a capital city to a geographically or demographically peripheral location may be for either economic or strategic reasons (sometimes known as a "forward capital" or spearhead capital)." |
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| Russian Colonialism/Imperialism |
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| is an adoption of the Russian language or some other Russian attributes (whether voluntarily or not) by non-Russian communities. In a narrow sense, Russification is used to indicate the influence of the Russian language on Slavic, Baltic and other languages, spoken in areas currently or formerly controlled by Russi |
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| The goal of this policy was to consolidate individual land and labour into collective farms |
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| Distance decay refers to the decrease or loss of similarity between two observations as the distance between them increases. |
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| The countries and landmasses surrounding the Pacific Ocean, often considered as a socioeconomic region.Australia, Cambodia, China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Laos, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand and Vietnam. |
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| The core of Confucianism is humanism,[2] the belief that human beings are teachable, improvable and perfectible through personal and communal endeavour especially including self-cultivation and self-creation.Chinese ethical and philosophical system developed from the teachings of the Chinese philosopher Confucius |
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| is the linguistic assimilation or cultural assimilation of terms and concepts of the language and culture of China. |
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| Restrictive Population Policies |
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| Policies that restrict the growth of a popuation, usually enforced by the government or ethnic group, such as the communist Chinese "One Child Policy" |
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| Special Economic Zones (SEZs) |
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| Designated areas in countries that possess special economic regulations that are different from other areas in the same country. Moreover, these regulations tend to contain measures that are conducive to foreign direct investment. Conducting business in a SEZ usually means that a company will receive tax incentives and the opportunity to pay lower tariffs. |
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| is the economy of a country which undergoes rapid economic growth, usually accompanied by an increase in the standard of living. The term was initially used for Japan, South Korea, Singapore, Hong Kong, and Taiwan |
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| in sociology, the transformation from a traditional, rural, agrarian society to a secular, urban, industrial society. |
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| A wind from the southwest or south that brings heavy rainfall to southern Asia in the summer. |
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| the condition of being arranged in social strata or classes within a group |
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| Population geography is a division of human geography. It is the study of the ways in which spatial variations in the distribution, composition, migration, and growth of populations are related to the nature of places |
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| is a model used to represent the transition from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates as a country develops from a pre-industrial to an industrialized economic system. |
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| is a condition where an organism's numbers exceed the carrying capacity of its habitat. The term often refers to the relationship between the human population and its environment, the Earth |
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| a rapid increase in the size of a population caused by such factors as a sudden decline in infant mortality or an increase in life expectancy |
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| a social structure in which classes are determined by heredity |
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| is a state perceived as having failed at some of the basic conditions and responsibilities of a sovereign government. |
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| is a term that refers to the creation of a geographic area that not only claims independence from the larger state, but whose leaders and policies also seek to replace the existing political order and state, or to become independent. |
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| is a "heartland", a foundation of a major culture. |
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| the spreading out of culture, culture traits, or a cultural pattern from a central point. |
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| any culture having an agricultural system that is dependent upon large-scale government-managed waterworks—productive (for irrigation) and protective (for flood control). |
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| The spread of innovation or an idea through a population in an area in such a way that the number of those influenced grows continuously larger, resulting in an expanding area of dissemination. |
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| The spread of an idea through physical movement of people from one place to another. |
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| is a branch of expansion diffusion. It refers to a cultural trait spreading across a population like a disease. |
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| The spread of a feature or trend from one key person or node of authority or power to other persons or places." |
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| has been used to describe the process of a society's conversion to the religion of Islam |
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| is a group, usually a minority ethnic group, considered as a nation entitled to its own state for that nation. |
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is a linear-shaped lowland between highlands or mountain ranges created by the action of a geologic rift or fault.
Great Rift Located in Africa |
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| Medical geography studies the effects of locale and climate upon health. |
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| natural to or characteristic of a specific people or place; native; indigenous: |
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| occurs when new cases of a certain disease, in a given human population, and during a given period, substantially exceed what is expected based on recent experience. |
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| is an epidemic of infectious disease that has spread through human populations across a large region; for instance multiple continents, or even worldwide. |
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| is the establishment, maintenance, acquisition and expansion of colonies in one territory by people from another territory. |
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| racial segregation; specifically : a former policy of segregation and political and economic discrimination against non-European groups in the Republic of South Africa |
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| A trading market held on one or more days of each week and on the same days of the week. |
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| is the Islamist political organization founded and led by Dr. Hassan al-Turabi that has influenced the Sudanese government since 1979, and dominated it since 1989. It supports the maintenance of an Islamic state run on sharia and rejects the concept of a secular state. |
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| the right to hold property; part of an ancient hierarchical system of holding lands |
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| Land alienation occurs when one society or cultural group takes over the land of another as when colonists take the land away from the original inhabitants, or when the government takes over land of the inhabitants of a country. |
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