Shared Flashcard Set

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word associaton - CV & Pulm
PANCE review
105
Health Care
Graduate
08/04/2011

Additional Health Care Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
DOE, PND, edema, echo w/ LVH or RVH, hypokinesis
Definition
CHF
Term
S3
Definition
CHF
dilated cardiomyopathy
Term
high output heart failure
Definition
pregnancy
thyrotoxicosis
anemia
beri-beri
Paget's disease
Term
low output heart failure
Definition
ischemic heart disease
HTN
dilated cardiomyopathy
valve disease
arrythmia
Term
heart failure after URI
Definition
myocarditis
Term
young athlete with syncope during athletic event or practice. No physical exam abnormalities
Definition
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
fatal arrythmia
get EKG or Echo
Term
alcoholic with DOE, heart failure
Definition
primary dilated cardiomyopathy
Term
alcoholic with palpitations, arrythmia
Definition
atrial fibrillation (Holiday Heart)
Term
irregularly irregular
Definition
atrial fibrillation
Term
atrial fibrillation or proesthetic valve tx
Definition
warfarin to INR of 2-3 for afib, 2.5-3.5 for valve.
Term
treatment warfarin OD
Definition
vitamin K
Term
hx of angina but no acute sx. ECG = no acute changes. what next?
Definition
do exercise test
Term
crushing CP, dyspnea, palptiations, radiation to neck or left arm
Definition
angina (if lasts minutes)
AMI (if > 30 minutes)
Term
Constant, sharp CP worse lying down, better sitting up and leaning forward. dx?
Definition
pericarditis
Term
pulsus paradoxus
Definition
pericardial effusion/tamponade
pericarditis
asthma attack
tension PTX
SVC obstruction
Term
electrical alternans, narrow pulse pressure, pulsus paradoxus
Definition
pericardial effusion/tamponade
Term
Beck's triad and what it's associated with?
Definition
JVD, hypotension, muffled heart sounds
associated with pericardial effusion/tamponade
Term
pericarditis post open heart surgery
Definition
Dressler's syndrome. Tx with ASA.
Indomethacin or another NSAID = 2nd choice.
Term
sudden onset ripping, tearing CP, diminished pulses
Definition
aortic dissection
Term
flank pain, hypotension, pulsatile abdominal mass. dx?
Definition
AAA
Term
EKG chagnes, N/V, yellow-green visual disturbances. dx?
Definition
digoxin toxicity (hypokalemia will make worse)
Term
Hx of CHF on diuertic and digoxin
Definition
suspect digoxin toxicity due to hypokalemia from the diuretic
Term
grossly elevated blood pressure with signs of EOD
Definition
malignant HTN
Term
HTN tx with meds, SE = cough or angioedema. what med?
Definition
ACEI
Term
best medication for tx of DM and HTN
Definition
ACEI
Term
tx of choice for heart failure, LVH
Definition
ACEI (improves survival, prevents development of failure sxs)
Term
recommended post MI tx
Definition
beta blockers
Term
SE of tx of HTN with an alpha-blocker
Definition
postural hypotension
Term
HTN not responsive to basic meds
Definition
think secondary HTN (most likely renal artery stenosis - infrarenal artery)
Term
mechanical valve or prosthesis about to undergo dental, GU, GI, or ortho procedure. what do you do?
Definition
bacterial endocarditis prophylaxis
tx for strep viridans
Term
IVDA with new murmur, dx?
Definition
bacterial endocaritis (strep viridans)
Term
elderly with systolic murmur
Definition
aortic stenosis (due to calcifications - age related, or bicuspid valve - congenital)
Term
diamond shaped, blowing systolic murmur. May have angina, syncope, CHF
Definition
aortic stenosis
Term
laterally displaced PMI, canon 'a' waves, Quincke's pulse, Corrigan's pulse, Austin flint murmur, deMusset's sign, water
Definition
Aortic Regurg/Insufficiency
Term
subungal capillar pulsation
Definition
Quincke's pulse
Term
pulse with rapid rise and fall
Definition
Corrigan's pulse
Term
low pitch mid-systolic murmur at apex
Definition
Austin Flint murmur
Term
diastolic murmur heard best at apex without radiation
Definition
mitral stenosis
Term
systolic ejection murmur heard best at base with radiation to left clavicle
Definition
pulmonary stenosis
Term
female or post MI, systolic murmur heard best at apex preceded by click without radiation
Definition
mitral valve prolapse
Term
systolic murmur heard best at apex with radiation to left axilla (apical systolic)
Definition
mitral regurgitation
Term
new murmur after MI (especial if apical systolic)
Definition
mitral regurg caused by papillary muscle rupture
Term
murmur and hx of rheumatic heart disease. Dx?
Definition
mitral stenosis
tricuspid stenosis
Term
continuous harsh, machine-like murmur
Definition
PDA
Term
cyanotic infant with systolic thrill at LSB, systolic ejection murmur +/- click
Definition
tetrology of fallot
Term
holosystolic murmur at LSB, may have ventricular hypertrophy
Definition
VSD
Term
infant with dyspnea, difficulty feeding, holosystolic murmur at LSB, 3rd ICS. LVH & RVH
Definition
VSD
Term
peds with leg pain after physical activity, abnormal heart sounds, unequal UE & LE pulses, rib notching
Definition
coarctation of the aorta
Term
short PR, wide QRS, delta wave
Definition
wolf-parkinson-white syndrome
Term
what medication should be avoided with wolf-parkinson-white (WPW)?
Definition
digoxin
Term
young female (<30yo), palpitations, long arms & fngers, pectus excavatum, ectopic lentis, flexible joints
Definition
Marfan's syndrome
Term
cardiac abnormalities associated with Marfan's syndrome
Definition
MVP, aortic regurg, aortic dissection, aortic root dilatation
Term
LE rubor, no hair, brittle nails, pallor on elevation, calf or LE pain esp with walking short distances, relieved with rest or at PM
Definition
arterial insufficiency/PAD
Intermittent claudication
Term
gold standard to dx PAD
Definition
ateriogram
Term
LE pain after long periods of standing, dilated tortuous veins
Definition
varicose veins
tx = compression stockings
Term
trendelenberg tst of the extremities tests for what?
Definition
veinous insufficiency
Term
blue extremities worse with cold exposure, improves with warming
Definition
acrocyanosis
Term
rapid, deep, labored breathing
Definition
Kussmaul respirations - DKA, metabolic acidosis
Term
deep breathing alternating with apnea
Definition
Cheyne-Stokes respirations - heart failure, brain damage
Term
cavitations on CXR
Definition
infections - lung abscess, TB
Term
apical infiltrates, dry cough
Definition
TB
Term
pleural thickening on CXR
Definition
mesothelioma
Term
hilar mass on CXR
Definition
lung cancer
Term
eggshell pattern on CXR
Definition
silicosis
Term
ground glass appearance on CXR
Definition
asbestosis (ship builders, building demolition)
Term
reticular to nodular pattern on CXR
Definition
Coal Miner's lung
Term
patchy fibrosis on CXR
Definition
Farmer's lung
Term
granulomas or inflammation of alveoli, small bronchi, and small blood vessels
Definition
sarcoidosis
Term
dyspnea after surgery, travel, LE fx. May also have calf pain
Definition
DVT/PE
Term
lung scan with perfusion defects
Definition
PE
Term
venous stasis, vessel wall injury, hypercoagulability
Definition
Virchow's triad of DVT/PE
Term
pediatric with barking cough, stridor
Definition
viral croup - laryngotracheobronchitis.
tx = racemic epi, glucocorticoids
Term
pediatric wheezing
Definition
lower respiratory FB
asthma
Term
pediatric drooling, sniffing position, tripod, toxic appearing
Definition
epiglottitis
Term
thumbprint sign on xray
Definition
epiglottitis
Term
steeple sign on neck xray
Definition
croup
Term
inspiratory stridor
Definition
FB
croup
Term
premature infant with respiratory disress
Definition
hyaline membrane disease
Term
preemie CXR with hypoexpansion, air, bronchograms
Definition
hyaline membrane disease
Term
smoker, chronic productive cough. NO hemoptysis or weight loss
Definition
bronchitis (COPD)
Term
smoker, DOE, cough
Definition
COPD
Term
hyperinflation on CXR, tear drop heart
Definition
emphysema
Term
wheezing, prolonged expiration
Definition
asthma
Term
airway edema, eosinophils, neurtrophils, lymphocytes
Definition
asthma
Term
fever, cough, sputum. Crackles, decreased breath sounds, dullness to percussion, + egophony, pectoriloquy. CXR = infiltrates or consolidation
Definition
pneumonia
Term
>35 yo with PNA, rusty colored or yellow-green sputum. acute onset F/C
Definition
strep. pneumonia
Term
<35 yo, college student. fever, cough, +/- sputum, chills, muscle aches
Definition
mycoplasma pneumonia
Term
bullous myringitis
Definition
mycoplasma pneumonia
Term
PNA w/smokers, COPD
Definition
H. Influenza
Term
PNA w/ DM, immunocompromised, ETOH, currant color sputum
Definition
klebsiella
Term
PNA w/ water, late summer, construction site. Diarrhea, toxic appearing
Definition
legionella
Term
PNA from nursing homes, chronic care facility. Purulent sputum
Definition
staphylococcus aureus
Term
PNA & HIV, AIDS, immunocompromised. Sx out of proportion to exam, diffuse interstitial and alveolar infiltrates
Definition
pneumocystis jerovecci (formally PCP)
DOC = TMP-SMX
Term
PNA & HIV, AIDS, immunocompromised. Sx out of proportion to exam, diffuse interstitial and alveolar infiltrates
Definition
pneumocystis jerovecci (formally PCP)
DOC = TMP-SMX
Term
PNA & decreased mental status, poor dental hygiene, dentures, foul smelling sputum, bronchiectasis. Patchy infiltrates in dependent lung zones
Definition
aspiration PNA
Term
pediatric w/ hx of recurrent lung infections, pancreatitis, reproductive problems, FTT
Definition
cystic fibrosis (staph and pseudomonal infections are usually the cause of death)
Term
sweat chloride test
Definition
cystic fibrosis
Term
cystic fibrosis with PNA, causative agent?
Definition
pseudomonas aueroginosa
Term
< 2 days post op with fever
Definition
atelectasis
Term
stab wound, hyperresonance to percusion, decreased breath sounds, tympany
Definition
pneumothorax
Term
stab wound, dullness to percussion, decreased breath sounds
Definition
hemothorax
Term
tall, skinny male, band student, acute onset one-sided chest pain, dyspnea
Definition
spontaneous pneumothorax
Term
stab wound to chest, hypotension, tracheal shift
Definition
tension pneumothorax
Term
poor sleeping, obese, daytime fatigue & drowsy, snoring, HTN, PM wakening
Definition
obstructive sleep apnea
Term
s/p thoracic trauma, mutiple rib fractures. chest wall moves in with inspriation and out with expiration
Definition
flail chest
tx = pain control, incentive spirometry, pulmonary toilet, intubation)
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