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Wood Unit 1 Vocab
Vocabulary for Unit 1
56
Geography
9th Grade
09/10/2012

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Term
Absolute Value
Definition
The exact location of where something is
Term
Cartography
Definition
The study of Mapmaking
Term
Circular/Centralized Pattern
Definition
objects that circle another object
Term
Cultural Landscapes
Definition
Products of interactions between humans and their environment
Term
Daylight Savings time
Definition
Pushes the clock forward one hour in the spring in order to allow people to enjoy more sunlight in the afternoon duing the warm spring and summer months
Term
Distortion
Definition
a change for the worst
Term
Environmental Geography
Definition
A field that centers on the interactions of human and physical geography
Term
Equator
Definition
an imaginary circle that lies exactly half way between the North and the South Poles
Term
Eratosthenes
Definition
He accurately calculated the circumference of the earth by measuring the sun's angles at th summer solstice at 2 points alone te Nile River
Term
Formal Regions
Definition
An area that has striking similarities in terms of one or a few physical or cultural features
Term
Functional (Nodal) Regions
Definition
Areas organized around cores, or nodes
Term
GIS
Definition
Geographic Information System; a computer system that captures, stores, analyzes, and displays data
Term
Globalization
Definition
Expansion of economic, political, and cultural activities to the point that they reach and have impact on many areas of the world
Term
Greenwich Mean Time
Definition
Standard time at the Prime Meridian
Term
GPS
Definition
Global Positioning System; uses a series of satellites, tracking stations, and recievers to determing precise absolute locations on earth
Term
Grid Pattern
Definition
Reflects a rectangular system of land survey adopted in muh of the country under the Ordinance of 1785
Term
Hecataeus
Definition
Made the first geography book
Term
Human Geography
Definition
The study of where and why human activities are located where they are
Term
Idrisi
Definition
an 11th century Arab geographer, worked for the king of the Sicily to collect geographical information into a remarkable direction, an academy of geographers gathered maps, consulted mariners and travelers, and went out on their own scientific expeditions. Although the final world map that they assembled is lost, much of he information and many partial and sectional maps have survived
Term
Immanuel Kant
Definition
German philosopher and geographer of the 1700s defined geography as the study of interrelated spatial patterns - the description and explanation of differences and similarities between one region and another
Term
Landscapes
Definition
The overall appearance of an area that is shaped by both human and natural influences
Term
Latitude
Definition
Parallels that measure distance north and south of the equator which is at 0 degrees
Term
Linear Pattern
Definition
Pattern that is along straight lines like rivers, streets or railroad tracks
Term
Local Time
Definition
Time of a region that has adopted and agreed upon time zone
Term
Location
Definition
The position of something on the earth's surface
Term
Longitude
Definition
Merideans that are arcs drawn between the North and South Poles that measue distance east and west from Prime Meridian (0 degrees)
Term
George Perkins Marsh
Definition
a 19th century American geographer, best known for his classic work, "Man and Nature," published 1864. He focused on the impact of human actions on the natural environment, so his thinking is basic to the field of Human Geography. He emphasized human destruction of the environment and used the conversion of ancient Mesopotamia from a "Fertile Crescent" to a cast abarren desert. Marsh's message is a familiar one to us today: Conserve the earth, or live to pay the disastrous consequences
Term
Mercator Projection
Definition
A map created by Flemish cartographer Gerardus Mercator in 1569 for navigational purposes designed to be used for "true" direction but distorts sizes of land near the poles
Term
Meridian
Definition
An arc drawn between the North and South Poles that measures longitude
Term
Multi-National Corporations
Definition
Businesses that have centers of operation in many parts of the world
Term
Parallel
Definition
A circle drawn around the globe parallel to the equator
Term
Pattern
Definition
The arrangement of objects on earth's surface in relationship to one another
Term
Perceptual (Vernacular) Regions
Definition
Places that peopel believe exist as a part of their cultural identity. They reflect feelings and images more than any objective reality, such as physical features, formal political boundaries or economic centers
Term
Periphery
Definition
As one moves from a core they enter a region's margins
Term
Peter's Projection
Definition
Introduced in 1974 by Arno Peter; attempted to keep land masses equal but ultimately distorts true shapes of continents
Term
Place
Definition
A specific point on earth with human and physical characteristics that distinguish if from the points
Term
Physical Geography
Definition
Focuses on the natural environment itself
Term
Physical Site Characteristic
Definition
Include climate topography, soil, water sources, vegetation and elevation
Term
Prime Meridian
Definition
The meridian located at the observatory in Greenwich, England at 0 degrees
Term
Ptolemy
Definition
Greek Scholar who lived five hundred years later than Eratosthenes, recalculated the circumference of the earth to be much smaller- - by about 9,000 iles. He was wrong, but his mistake was taken as truth for hundreds of years. Despitchis famous miscalculations, his "Guide to Geography" included many rough maps of landmasses and bodies of water, and he developed a global grid system that was a fore runner to our modern system of latitude and longitude
Term
Random Pattern
Definition
Where no regular distribution can be seen
Term
Regionalization
Definition
The organization of earth's surface into distinct areas that are viewed as different from other areas
Term
Robinson Projection
Definition
An attempt to fix distortion of size at the poles, actually led to another distotion of size of Antartica. (Curvation of North and South Poles)
Term
Carl Sauer
Definition
An early 20th century geographer from California, shaped the field of Human Geography by arguing that cultural landscapes (produces of interactions between humans and their environments" should be the main focus of geographic study. His metods of landscape analysis provided a lens for interpreting cultural landscapes as directly and indirectly altered over time as a result of human activity. His study is basic to environmental geopraphy, a field that centeres on the interaction of human and physical geography
Term
Scale
Definition
The relationship between the size of an object or distance between objects on a map and the size of the actual object or distance on earth's surface
Term
Site
Definition
The physical and human transformed characteristics of a place
Term
Situation
Definition
Refers to relative locations
Term
Solar Time
Definition
The postition of the sun in the sky as the day progresses
Term
Space
Definition
The physical gap or distance between two objects
Term
Space Time Compression
Definition
Changes the rapid connections among places and regions have brought. Places are bought much closer not only through faster transportation and communication, but through new technologies - such as televisions and computeres - that bring images from those places into our homes, businesses, and schools
Term
Spatial Organization
Definition
The location of places, peoples, and events and the connections among places and landscapes
Term
Spatial Perspective
Definition
The patterns of both natural and human environments, distributons of people, and locations of all kinds of objects
Term
Time Zone
Definition
A egion that has adopted the same standard time, usually referred to as local time
Term
Toponym
Definition
The naming of a place
Term
U.S Census Bureau
Definition
Government organization that collects information about the country's inhabitants and complies a census eport every 10 years
Term
"Why and Where"
Definition
Critical to geographers, the explanation for why a spatial pattern exists
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