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| Legally adding land area to a city in the United States, or legally adding land area to a country in the world. |
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| It is the largest land mass in the world not part of a sovereign state. Territorial claims are suspended on Antarctica. |
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| Laws previously in South Africa that separated different races into different geographic areas. |
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| A small geographic area that could not be organized in to a larger state due to conflicting ethnicities. |
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| Definitional Boundary Disputes |
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| focus on the legal language of the treaty for the boundary. |
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| Locational Boundary Disputes |
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| is when the definition is not in dispute but the interpretation is. |
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| Operational Boundary Disputes |
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| is a dispute of how a boarder should function. |
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| Allocational Boundary Disputes |
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Definition
| occurs over a resource on a boundary between two countries. |
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| Antecedent Boundary Origin |
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| is how the boundary evolves over time. |
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| Subsequent Boundary Origin |
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| a boundary that was created before today's cultural landscape. |
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| Superimposed Boundary Origin |
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| are created through long term processes. |
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| forced on inhabitants to solve a problem or conflict. |
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| Natural/Physical Boundary Type |
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| a physical environment is used as a boundary. |
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| Ethnocentric/cultural Boundary Type |
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| is used when cultural difference divides a region and is used as a reference to create a boundary. |
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| a boundary drawn by a grid system. |
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| through a treaty, or legal like document, sets longitude and latitude. |
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| Boundary Process (delimitation) |
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| drawing the boundary on a map. |
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| Boundary Process (demarcation) |
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| the boundary using steel posts. |
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| a state created between two warring or hostile regions to ease tensions between the two bordering regions. |
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| something that is owed, which provides ongoing services. In the national account, or to firms, its made up of durable investment goods, normally summed in units of money. Basic: land + physical structures + equipment. the idea is used in models and in the national accounts. |
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| Moving or directed away from a center or axis. |
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| An attitude that tends to unify people and enhance support from a state. |
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| A sovereign state compromising a city and immediate hinterland. |
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| Attempt by one country to establish settlements and to impose its political, economic, and cultural principles in another territory. |
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| a group of empowered states or communities, usually created by treaty but often later adopting a common constitution. |
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| (1884-1885) regulated European colonization and trade in Africa during the New imperialism period, and coincided with Germany's sudden emergence as an imperial power. Called for by Portugal and organized by Otto von Bismarck, the first Chancellor of Germany, its outcome, the General Act of the Berlin Conference. |
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| Based on the notion that as one region or state expands in economic prosperity, it must engulf regions nearby to ensure ongiong economic and political success. The area of high growth becomes known as the core, and the neighboring area is the periphery. |
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| refers to the undoing of colonialism, the establishment of governance or authority through the creation of settlements by another country or jurisdiction. |
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| granting of powers from the central government of a state to government at national, regional, or local level. |
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| one land in a region came under the influence of communism, then the surrounding countries would follow in a domino effect. |
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| EEZ (Exclusive Economic Zone) |
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Definition
| a sea zone over which a state has special rights over the exploration and use of marine resources. This is significant, for example, in the Caspian Sea. There has been much conflict over the debate of who has control of the resources in the sea. |
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| regions that hold seats in Parliament or Congress. |
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| country or part of a country mostly surrounded by the territory of another country. |
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| portion of a state that is completely surrounded by another state. This is significant because conflict may arise in this region of a state. |
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| A war between ethnic groups, often as a result of ethnic nationalism. There have been lots of ethnic conflicts throughout the last century. |
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| a political and economic community of twety-seven member states with supranational and intergovernmental features, located in Europe. |
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| An internal organizationof a state that allocates most powers to units of local government. This model can be seen in the US. The idea of devolution plays in this as well, because a lot of power has been devolved to local governments, like in the US. |
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| moving a nation's capital to another area within the state to make a statement or create economic growth. |
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| a zone separeating two states in which neither state exercises political control. The significance is that the area between the two states is neutral; |
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| The study that analyzes geography,tory, and social sciencewith reference to spatial politics and patterns at various scales |
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| process of redrawing legislative boundaries for the purpose of benefiting the party in power. tThis is used in politics to give an advantage to the political party in power. |
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| It mean sthat no on person or state may own or control a certain region. This is significant because this helps preserve the rain forests, oceans, and land masses. |
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| refers to the central areas of a country. This is significant because areas outside of the heartland may not be accessible to the heartland |
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| A state which has inherited large amounts of immigrants. |
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| International Organization |
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Definition
| organization with international membership, scope, or presence |
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| symbolic, ideological, and physical boundary dividing Europe into two separate areas from the end of World War II until the end of the Cold War, roughly 1945 to 1991. |
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| the position that a state should be annexed because of ethnicity of prior historical possession. |
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| this region has taken center stage in the realm of international politics, It leads as another great example of irredentism. it holds the debate of a Jewish historical possession and ethnic minority in 1946 versus the historical possession of the Palestinians and their ethnic majoriyt in 1946. |
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| a country with no direct access to a sea or ocean. |
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| The law set forth in UNCLOS put the boundaries for territorial waters to international waters, it also created the EEZ. |
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| held in the Ottoman Empire for most of history, it was ceded to the French after world war one, given independence in 1941. It lost with the Arab league in the 1948 Arab-Israeli war. It then became the largest location for Palestinian refugees. Lebanon remains a base for the PlO in attacks o Israel and is a turbulent country with Syria pushing for control. Today it is under a UN peacekeeping mission. |
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| he made it that Human Geography is treated as a single discipline. Founded the Heartland theory which founded Geopolitics as an area of study. The heartland theory stated that the heartland of the world was between the Volga to the Yangtze and the Himalayas to the Arctic. In the heartland the world was the most populous and most rich. The Americas and England and Australia are on the periphery of the heartland. He stated that whoever controlled the heartland controlled the world. |
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| the idea that it is the God given right of a country or people to have control of some land not yet under their control |
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| the distribution of water rights between countries. Deciding water rights on overlapping EEZs. |
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| a state with a very small land area or population |
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| a homogenous ethnic group. |
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| a study of the national icon such as paintings or even stereotypes that characterize a country or nationality. |
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| a state that is populated by a homogeneous ethnic group. |
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| the area in eastern Europe after the Soviet Union collapsed. The newly created states were referred to have "shattered" the map, and the term was created. |
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| the exclusive right to complete control over an area of governance, people, or oneself. |
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| political association with effective dominion over a geographic area. It usually consists of institutions that claim authority to make rules that govern the nation |
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| term used to imply that a group, usually minority, ethnic group is a nation, and is entitled to its own state, specifically a nation-state for that nation. |
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| a state of country whose three organs of state are governed constitutionally as one single unit, with tone constitutionally created legislature. powers are devolved, to an extent, to lower level governments. |
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| a policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force. |
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| a society or organization founded for a religious, educational, social, or similar purpose |
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| the action or process of integrating. |
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| A multinational state is a sovereign state which is viewed as comprising two or more nations. Such a state contrasts with a nation-state where a single nation comprises the bulk of the population. |
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| a line that marks the limits of an area; a dividing line. |
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| an economy in which production, investment, prices, and incomes are determined centrally by a government. |
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| A compact State, in the political geography context is a State that is circular, with the capitol in the center. Compact States are one of six different shapes for States, and are usually not fully circular |
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| A league of independent states, each having essentially sovereign powers. The central government created by such a league has only limited powers over the states. |
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| A boundary line that coincides with some cultural divide, such as religion or language. |
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| the portion of a country that contains its economic, political, intellectual, and cultural focus. |
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| Cultural boundaries are boundaries that are man-made or contrived to articulate where a deadline ends. This term can also be used to refer to imperceptible borders that define American culture. |
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| an economy that relies chiefly on market forces to allocate goods and resources and to determine prices |
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| the exposure of an industry or service to market forces. |
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| Monetary policy is the process by which the monetary authority of a country controls the supply of money, often targeting a rate of interest for the purpose of promoting economic growth and stability. The official goals usually include relatively stable prices and low unemployment. |
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