Term
| Perimenopause is on average how long? What is the last year of it? |
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Definition
2-8 years
the first year after menses completely stop |
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Term
| What causes the symptoms experienced in perimenopause? What specifically causes hot flashes and night sweats? Menorrhagia? |
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Definition
fluctuations in body's production of estrogen/progesterone
- ovaries producing less estrogen as they decline
-ovaries producing less progesterone |
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Term
| If there are no risk factors, what is one of the primary treatment for perimenopausal symptoms? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What can be used to treat the severity of hot flashes (3) |
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Definition
| -SSRIs, Gabapentin, and clonidine |
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Term
| What can improve heavy bleeding? |
|
Definition
| progestin supplementation |
|
|
Term
| What are two surgical treatment modes for dysfunctional bleeding? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
-reduces risk of osteoporosis
-relieves hot flashes
-reduces the risk of heart disease
-may improve mood and psychological well being |
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Term
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Definition
-increases risk of uterine CA
-unpleasant side effects (bloating, irritability, breakthrough bleeding which must be worked up)
-increases risk of breast CA
-may be dangerous in women with blood clots |
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Term
| In women who have a uterus progesterone must be combined with _________ to prevent endometrial hyperplasia and increased risk of endometrial CA. what is the exception? |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| when there have been 12 full months sequentially with no period |
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Term
| When working up a menopausal women, what do high levels of FSH and LH tell you? Low levels? |
|
Definition
ovarian failure
hypothalamic or pituitary causes |
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Term
| Explain the reasoning behind high levels of FSH and LH in ovarian failure/menopause? |
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Definition
| follicular decline and dysfunction decreases the ovaries' sensitivity to gonadotropins FSH and LH (so the pituitary tries harder and secretes more...) |
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Term
| Women's decreased risk for heart disease as compared to men _______ when estrogen does |
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Definition
|
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Term
| A DEXA score of -1 to -2.5 indicates what? less than -2.5? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| mammograms begin at what age? how often thereafter? CBE should be done every ____ years in women in their 20's and 30's and then _______ from the age 40 onward |
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Definition
|
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Term
women should have occult blood test _______
*flexible sigmoidoscopy every ______ years
OR
*colonoscopy every ________ years
OR
*double contrast barium enema every ____ years
OR
CT colonography every ____ years |
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Definition
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Term
Assuming normal results:
paps Q ___ years 21-29 yoa
Q ____ years 30-75 yoa
May stop at 75 yoa if.....
May stop after hysterectomy if..... |
|
Definition
2
3
all paps in past 10 yrs have been WNL
surgery was not done for cancer or pre cancer |
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