a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities (ADA, 1992)

A disadvantage for a given individual resulting from an impairment or disability, that limits or prevents the fulfillment of a role that is normal, depending on age, sex, social and cultural factors. (UN 1983)

Congenital - since birth

Rapid change

w/ aging or illness

1970s  - Bekley

Independent living

1988 Gallaudet University 

American's with disabilities act - 1990 (2009 amend) 

Living in poverty (26% vs 8% non-disabled) 

Women

Arose out of Civil War and expanded with WWII health care
Improved in comparison to "devil" or "witchdraft" induced disability
Assumed something is broken that needs to be fixed

Consequences:

- Pity

- The need to overcome disability

- Search for a "cure"

- Professional is in control not patient

Barrier removal, advocacy, peer support, consumer control

- Person w/ disability in control

- Max. independence, ↑ Self esteem, disability pride 

Environment causes disability NOT impairment

Social and political change

Dissability oppression

Employment

Health Care

Research

incites courage or defeats

Biomedical

Sentimental

Overcoming

Catastrophe

Abjection

- Eugenics

- Associated w/ strong racist and ableist underpinning

- First coined in reference to people w/ hearing impairments more likely to marry others w/ same impairment

- Social decision of what is normal

- Forced sterilization

Choice to do prenatal tests

Down's syndrome

Spina bifida

'Choice' to give birth to child with disability

unique maternity needs

Who should parent?

Some (but not all) mothers with disabilities need more cild care assistance than non-disabled

Tangible access

Physical and architectural

Lack of alternate format or interpretation

Lack of patience, skill, or understanding

Medical professional only seeing the disability and not current problem

Less value to disabled life

Women with disabilities = genderless

Needs are similar to non-disabled women

Differential health service needs..

1) Determined by actual physiological/ related lifestyle differences

2) Determined by the distinct character of our social oppression

Medical rehab focused on men

Service barriers 

Reproduction feared - forced sterilization - but lack of education

Abuse (90% of women w/ disability) 

Privacy 

Medical Neglagence / Mental health w/ disability

Disability is not illness, but caused by illness

Disability ≠ bad health

Doctors shouldn't assume health concerns related to disability

Prevention of secondary disability (caused by intial)

Assistive technology (high and low tech) and independence services

Violence prevention and intervention

Physical, Attitudinal (not presenting all options of treatment), and policy barriers (coverage not home care)

Lack of sex ed, privacy/independence, body image esteem, relationships, LGBT may face extra discrimination

Reproductive choice

Termination of pregnancy when detection of fetal disability

End of Jim Crow → blacks in hospitals→ eugenics (sterilizations)

In 1970s - steriliztion most rapid growing form of BC

Doctor "training" purposes

Offering while in labor, not informing, misinforming. 

Reif sisters- federal guidelines of sterilizations subsidized by gov.

Indian reseration 1970s 

White middle-class opposite problem- 120 formula (womens age × # children > 120 she is candidate) 

Current gov funding encourages sterilization of poor

Blacks, Pureto Ricasn, Indians unrightly sterilized, White no access

Took aborton pill b/c of family (model minority) 

Roe v. Wade gave right to abortion, but not access 

Clean, safe abortion for everyone

Feminism can be more than the english-speaking white women

Prescription drugs seen as "safer"

Advertisements give perception of every day routine

Teens report "controled" "practical use" of drugs (stress relief, school performance enhancement) 

Physicians don't do background checks, handing out prescriptions too easily

Physicians need more substance abuse education

12-step program modeled after AA

Good: Peer model providing support and understanding at no cost

Bad: Does not recognize genetic link to addiction

No brain chemistry

Cultural oppression not looked at and advocated

Neeed to change:

Instead of focusing on the negative behaviors society defines look at strenths and "rights" vs. "wrongs"

Instead of passively submitting to external God or man, actively reach within to heal

Heal and move on - acknowledge your power

Abused alcohol starting at 14

unhappiness

White-middle class and catholic increases odds of underage abuse

1st time in history girls drinking as much as guys

retain femininity

alcohol abuse is more than 1 factor

abused alcohol not an alcoholic 

Sickness

People suffer from disabilities/ diseases if they are painful or not

Pain raises money, drives legislation, start & ends wars, justifies end of life and refusal to begin one.

Fear of pain → disability oppression

painful life = not human

"pillow angel" - parents kept perminant pre-pubesence so easiler.

involuntary sterilization and unnecessary surgery to "prevent pain"

Wrong diagnosis of fetus - law suit - "right not to be born"

disabled - death preferable to life

Teri Schavo - mentally incapable except to breathe.. pull feeding tube? 13 days to die!

Margret Sanger

1916 Planned Parenthood

Republican start now battle for funding and prolife 

History of controversy

Heart attack

Stroke

emphysema

Lung cancer

Reduces life expectancy by 10 yrs on average

Reduce fertility

Primary cause of COPD

10-15 yrs after quitting female ex-smoker risk of stroke about = non-smoker

1/6 HS students smoke

Polyurathane barrier with spermacide 

Must be left in 6 hours after sex

Diaphram and Cap Must be fit by a doctor

Shield comes in one size

Add spermicide

Leave in 6-8 hours after intercourse

Take out within 24hrs for Diaphram, 48 for Cap and Shield

Progesterone and Estrogen

Do not take if older than 35 and smoke, history of blood clot, breast, liver, or endometrial cancer.

Antibiotics can reduce effectiveness of pill

Causes changes in cervical mucus and ovulation

Extended cycle pills also available

Progestrone and estrogen

Kind of works similarly to pill. 

New one every week for 3 wks none on 4th

Thickens cervical mucus

Increase risk of blood clot

Shot every 3 months

Good when needs to be secret/ abusive relationships

Stops release of egg and also changes cervix

Do not use longer than 2 yr - bone loss

Progestrone and Estrogen

Inserted and removed once a month 

Progestrone

Changes in lining of uterus and cervical mucus

 up to 5 yrs

Copper T - Paragard

releases copper

prevents sperm from reaching egg or prevents implantation in uterus

5 - 10 years

Hormonal IUD - Mirena

Releases progestrone

Keeps ovary from releasing egg or implantation into uterus

up to 5 yrs

Consumption Philanthropy - short-term benefits of cause marketing

Hidden costs -

Individualizing solutions, distracts form collective solutions

Replacing virtuous action w/ mindless buying

Supporting the market that causes social problems in first place

Transactional - most widespread. For each unit sold the corporation donates a portion of the proceeds. 

Promotion-Based - Corporations promote a cause and make charitable donations. Product proceeds not linked to 

Licensing - Charity licenses the use of its name/logo and the company donates a percentage of every transaction associated with the logo

Mental health ads focus on women, in women magazines

White, middle-class

Being unattractive, underdressed, or inattentive mother was a mental illness

Pharmaceutical co. inventing illnesses

Making less serious conditions 

Problems with female cominance

Single women mentally ill 

Having children at a younger age may be advantageous for some cultures

Poverty causes young preganacy not young pregnancy causes poverty

Stratified Reproduction - power relations that helps us to see the arrangements by which some reprodcution futures are valued whle others are dispised

Teen mothers could decrease cost

Research focuses on sex-specific hormones to explain high rates of ACL injury in female athletes

Gender disparities in differential training

Quad-Hamstring ratio training techniques and body control

Need to start athletics young. 

DSM charcterized an illness as normal feelings

She was just a girl outside social norms

It bothers ppl to have social contrariness

Societ deems what is craxy

The neglect b/c of difference causes emptiness, boredom, and "crazy"