Term
| What is the major estrogen in females? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when used alone in postmenopausal women has an increased risk of endometrial cancer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| HRT in combo with progesterone has an increased risk of... (5 things) |
|
Definition
myocaridal infarction
pulmonary embolism
deep vein thrombosis
stroke
breast cancer |
|
|
Term
| HRT alone increases risk of... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of GI problems can HRT cause? |
|
Definition
Nausea (most common), and
anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea with large doses |
|
|
Term
| What are 4 adverse effects of HRT other than cardio and GI? |
|
Definition
1. Increased risk of gallbladder disease
2. Hypercalcemia
3. Jaundice
4. CNS problems |
|
|
Term
| What Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator drug used in HRT blocks estrogen receptors in breast to inhibit cell growth? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| HRT is used in women to counteract what adverse effects? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What physiological effects does progestin have on pregnancy? |
|
Definition
Suppresses uterine contractions,
In the later stages it causes contractions. |
|
|
Term
| What supports development and maintenance of secondary sexual characteristics in women? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the 3 drugs that are known as Selective Estrogen Modulators (SERMS). |
|
Definition
Tamoxifen,
Raloxifene,
Toremifene |
|
|
Term
| SERM that protects against breast cancer and osteoporosis (it is approved for treatment and prevention). |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Are the following drugs examples of oral estrogens or progesterones?
Medroxyprogesterone
Norethindrone acetate
Megestrol acetate
Micronized progesterone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| These are the 3 approved indications of HRT |
|
Definition
1. Treatment of moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms
2. Treatment of moderate to severe vulvar and vaginal atrophy
3. prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis |
|
|
Term
| Name the 2 estrogens used in OC's. |
|
Definition
Ethinyl estradiol and
mestranol |
|
|
Term
| Name the Progestins used in OC's. |
|
Definition
Norethindrone,
Levonorgestrel,
norgestrel,
desogestrel,
drospirenone,
ethynodiol acetate,
norgestimate |
|
|
Term
| What are the mechanisms of actions for oral contraceptives? |
|
Definition
1. inhibition of ovulation
2. promotion of thickening of cervical mucus - barrier to sperm passage
3. may modify endometrium - less favorable for implantation |
|
|
Term
What are the common thromboembolic events that are associated with OC's?
(there are 5) |
|
Definition
Venous Trhomboembolism (VTE),
Arterial thromboembolism (ATE),
Pulmonary thromboembolism (PE),
Myocardial infarction (MI),
Stroke |
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the only OC marketed for extended cycle use (only 4 episodes of bleeding per year)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Progestins used in progestins only minipills. |
|
Definition
| noethindrone and norgestrel |
|
|
Term
| True or false? Progestins only (minipills) are less effective than combination OC's. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mechanism of action for progestins only (minipills). |
|
Definition
1. alters cervical secretions
2. modifies endothelium |
|
|
Term
| This is applied once a week for 3 weeks then 1 week without. |
|
Definition
| Transdermal patch (Ortho Evra) |
|
|
Term
| These estrogens and progestins can be found in a transdermal patch |
|
Definition
| ethinyl estradiol and norelgestromin |
|
|
Term
| Vaginal rings (NuvaRing) contains the progestins and estrogens... |
|
Definition
| ethinyl estradiol and etonogestrel |
|
|
Term
| Subdermal levonorgestrel implants can remain inserted for this amount of time. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Depo medroxyprogesterone acetate should not be used for more than 2 years because... |
|
Definition
| there is a greatly increased risk of bone loss |
|
|
Term
| Three intrauterine devices |
|
Definition
ParaGard - copper,
Progestasert - has progesterone,
Mirena - has levonorgestrel |
|
|
Term
| Women who have had at least one child are a good candidate for this intrauterine device. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An erection wanes when Phosphodiesterase type 5 removes this. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Adverse Effects of Sildenafil (Viargra) include... |
|
Definition
Hypotension,
Priapism,
Nonarteritic ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) |
|
|
Term
| These two types of drugs are contraindicated with Sildenafil. |
|
Definition
Nitrates and
Alpha Blockers |
|
|
Term
| This Erectile Dysfunction drug is also used for patients with chronic heart disease. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When should sildinafil be taken? |
|
Definition
1 hour before sexual activity
**only one dose per day |
|
|
Term
| Which ED drug is known as "the weekender?" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which ED drug can cause QT prolongation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which ED drug is injected into the penis? |
|
Definition
| Papaverine plus phentolamine |
|
|
Term
| These two drugs work by increasing arterial blood flow to the penis and decreasing venous outflow. |
|
Definition
| Papaverine plus phentolamine and aloprostadil |
|
|
Term
| In this method, a pellet is inserted into the urethra. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Using the transurethral method, an erection can be achieved in this length of time. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two classes of meds for BPH? |
|
Definition
| 5 alpha reductase inhibitors and alpha adrenergic antagonists |
|
|
Term
| True or False? BPH medicines in general should not be handled by pregnant women because they are pregnancy category X and can enter through the skin. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This 5-alpha adrenergic reductase inhibitor has a half life of 5 weeks. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This BPH drug works by decreasing levels of dihydrotestosterone (DHT), which leads to regression of prostate tissue. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 alpha adrenergic antagonists for BPH? |
|
Definition
| Terazosin, doxazosin, tamsulosin, and alfuzosin |
|
|
Term
| This class of drugs works to relax the smooth muscle in the bladder neck, prostate capsule, and prostatic urethra leading to decrease in urethral obstruction |
|
Definition
| Alpha-adrenergic antagonists |
|
|
Term
| These 2 alpha-adrenergic antagonists can also be used in patients with hypertension. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This herb is sometimes used to treat BPH. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Osteoporosis is diagnosed and monitored using... |
|
Definition
| a measurement of bone mineral density (BMD) |
|
|
Term
| This is the most commonly used tool to measure bone minderal density. |
|
Definition
| Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) |
|
|
Term
| These three sites are the best to measure bone mineral density. |
|
Definition
| forearm, vertebrae, femoral neck |
|
|
Term
| True or False? Estrogen is still used for prevention of osteoporosis. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the two osteoporosis meds that are approved for men. |
|
Definition
| Alendronate and teriparatide |
|
|
Term
| Of the four Osteoporosis meds Raloxifene, Bisphosphonates, Calcitonin-Salmon nasal spray, and teriparatide, which is reserved for those at high risk because of its expense, inconvenience, and risk for causing bone cancer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which osteoporosis med is approved for both prevention and treatment of osteoporosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How much of the ingested calcium is actually absorbed? |
|
Definition
|
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