Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Women/men health/osteo
Prof. Bernknopf
56
Health Care
Undergraduate 2
02/10/2007

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Cards

Term
What is the major estrogen in females?
Definition
Estradiol
Term
when used alone in postmenopausal women has an increased risk of endometrial cancer
Definition
estrogen
Term
HRT in combo with progesterone has an increased risk of... (5 things)
Definition
myocaridal infarction
pulmonary embolism
deep vein thrombosis
stroke
breast cancer
Term
HRT alone increases risk of...
Definition
myocardial infarction
Term
What type of GI problems can HRT cause?
Definition
Nausea (most common), and
anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea with large doses
Term
What are 4 adverse effects of HRT other than cardio and GI?
Definition
1. Increased risk of gallbladder disease
2. Hypercalcemia
3. Jaundice
4. CNS problems
Term
What Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator drug used in HRT blocks estrogen receptors in breast to inhibit cell growth?
Definition
Tamoxifen
Term
HRT is used in women to counteract what adverse effects?
Definition
Estrogenic
Term
What physiological effects does progestin have on pregnancy?
Definition
Suppresses uterine contractions,
In the later stages it causes contractions.
Term
What supports development and maintenance of secondary sexual characteristics in women?
Definition
Estrogen
Term
Name the 3 drugs that are known as Selective Estrogen Modulators (SERMS).
Definition
Tamoxifen,
Raloxifene,
Toremifene
Term
SERM that protects against breast cancer and osteoporosis (it is approved for treatment and prevention).
Definition
Raloxifene
Term
Are the following drugs examples of oral estrogens or progesterones?

Medroxyprogesterone
Norethindrone acetate
Megestrol acetate
Micronized progesterone
Definition
They are progesterones
Term
These are the 3 approved indications of HRT
Definition
1. Treatment of moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms
2. Treatment of moderate to severe vulvar and vaginal atrophy
3. prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis
Term
Name the 2 estrogens used in OC's.
Definition
Ethinyl estradiol and
mestranol
Term
Name the Progestins used in OC's.
Definition
Norethindrone,
Levonorgestrel,
norgestrel,
desogestrel,
drospirenone,
ethynodiol acetate,
norgestimate
Term
What are the mechanisms of actions for oral contraceptives?
Definition
1. inhibition of ovulation
2. promotion of thickening of cervical mucus - barrier to sperm passage
3. may modify endometrium - less favorable for implantation
Term
What are the common thromboembolic events that are associated with OC's?
(there are 5)
Definition
Venous Trhomboembolism (VTE),
Arterial thromboembolism (ATE),
Pulmonary thromboembolism (PE),
Myocardial infarction (MI),
Stroke
Term
What is the name of the only OC marketed for extended cycle use (only 4 episodes of bleeding per year)?
Definition
Seasonale
Term
Progestins used in progestins only minipills.
Definition
noethindrone and norgestrel
Term
True or false? Progestins only (minipills) are less effective than combination OC's.
Definition
true
Term
Mechanism of action for progestins only (minipills).
Definition
1. alters cervical secretions
2. modifies endothelium
Term
This is applied once a week for 3 weeks then 1 week without.
Definition
Transdermal patch (Ortho Evra)
Term
These estrogens and progestins can be found in a transdermal patch
Definition
ethinyl estradiol and norelgestromin
Term
Vaginal rings (NuvaRing) contains the progestins and estrogens...
Definition
ethinyl estradiol and etonogestrel
Term
Subdermal levonorgestrel implants can remain inserted for this amount of time.
Definition
5 years
Term
Depo medroxyprogesterone acetate should not be used for more than 2 years because...
Definition
there is a greatly increased risk of bone loss
Term
Three intrauterine devices
Definition
ParaGard - copper,
Progestasert - has progesterone,
Mirena - has levonorgestrel
Term
Women who have had at least one child are a good candidate for this intrauterine device.
Definition
Mirena
Term
An erection wanes when Phosphodiesterase type 5 removes this.
Definition
cGMP
Term
Adverse Effects of Sildenafil (Viargra) include...
Definition
Hypotension,
Priapism,
Nonarteritic ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION)
Term
These two types of drugs are contraindicated with Sildenafil.
Definition
Nitrates and
Alpha Blockers
Term
This Erectile Dysfunction drug is also used for patients with chronic heart disease.
Definition
Sildenafil
Term
When should sildinafil be taken?
Definition
1 hour before sexual activity

**only one dose per day
Term
Which ED drug is known as "the weekender?"
Definition
Tadalafil
Term
Which ED drug can cause QT prolongation?
Definition
Vardenafil
Term
Which ED drug is injected into the penis?
Definition
Papaverine plus phentolamine
Term
These two drugs work by increasing arterial blood flow to the penis and decreasing venous outflow.
Definition
Papaverine plus phentolamine and aloprostadil
Term
In this method, a pellet is inserted into the urethra.
Definition
Transurethral
Term
Using the transurethral method, an erection can be achieved in this length of time.
Definition
5-10 minutes
Term
What are the two classes of meds for BPH?
Definition
5 alpha reductase inhibitors and alpha adrenergic antagonists
Term
True or False? BPH medicines in general should not be handled by pregnant women because they are pregnancy category X and can enter through the skin.
Definition
True
Term
This 5-alpha adrenergic reductase inhibitor has a half life of 5 weeks.
Definition
Dutasteride
Term
This BPH drug works by decreasing levels of dihydrotestosterone (DHT), which leads to regression of prostate tissue.
Definition
Finasteride
Term
What are the 4 alpha adrenergic antagonists for BPH?
Definition
Terazosin, doxazosin, tamsulosin, and alfuzosin
Term
This class of drugs works to relax the smooth muscle in the bladder neck, prostate capsule, and prostatic urethra leading to decrease in urethral obstruction
Definition
Alpha-adrenergic antagonists
Term
These 2 alpha-adrenergic antagonists can also be used in patients with hypertension.
Definition
terazosin and doxazosin
Term
This herb is sometimes used to treat BPH.
Definition
Saw Palmetto
Term
Osteoporosis is diagnosed and monitored using...
Definition
a measurement of bone mineral density (BMD)
Term
This is the most commonly used tool to measure bone minderal density.
Definition
Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)
Term
These three sites are the best to measure bone mineral density.
Definition
forearm, vertebrae, femoral neck
Term
True or False? Estrogen is still used for prevention of osteoporosis.
Definition
False
Term
Name the two osteoporosis meds that are approved for men.
Definition
Alendronate and teriparatide
Term
Of the four Osteoporosis meds Raloxifene, Bisphosphonates, Calcitonin-Salmon nasal spray, and teriparatide, which is reserved for those at high risk because of its expense, inconvenience, and risk for causing bone cancer?
Definition
Teriparatide
Term
Which osteoporosis med is approved for both prevention and treatment of osteoporosis?
Definition
Bisphosphonates
Term
How much of the ingested calcium is actually absorbed?
Definition
1/3
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