Term
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Definition
Women are entitled to get protection of IHL
The protection should be on non-discriminatory basis.
It means - 'protections are for both combatant & civilians.
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Term
| Prohibitions in 4 GCs and 2APs |
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Definition
GC I, Art. 12; GC II Article 12; GC II Art. 14 & 16, GCIV art. 27.
API art. 17, APII Art. 4. |
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Term
| GC I art. 12, GC II Art. 12, GC III Art. 14. |
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Definition
| Women shall be treated with all considerations due to their gender. |
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Term
| Issues covered by GC and AP |
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Definition
- Humane treatment of female combatant and POWs.
- Female internee and civilians accused of offences aganist an occupying power.
- protection from abuse and degrading treatment.
- provision for special needs of pregnant women and and mothers of child.
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Term
| Separate accomodation for civilian men women and female supervision |
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Definition
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Term
| IHL forbids any attack upon the honor of women |
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Definition
| GC IV, Art. 27, API Art. 75, 76; APII Art. 4. |
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Term
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Definition
In armed conflict IHL provides protection of health care services.
IHL does not cover situations where armed conflict does not exist.
IHL protection in health care is not comprehensive.
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Term
- Bahrain in 2011- state forces tortured and arrested doctors and nurses of main hospital
- In Syria, attacks on patient and doctors increased.
- In Iraq, killing and kidnapping of doctors increased.
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Definition
These acts contributed to the emigration of health professionals in 2004-2007.
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Term
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Definition
| Occupying power has duty to maintain and continue health care system. |
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Term
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Definition
| For wounded and sick in Armed forces in the field. |
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Term
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Definition
| Wounded, sick and shipwrecked members of the armed forces at sea. |
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Term
GC IV : Art. 18-20
API : Art. 12,15, 21 |
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Definition
| Protection of victims in IAC |
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Term
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Definition
| Victim protection in NIAC. |
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Term
| Human rights and Art. 12 of ICESCR |
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Definition
| Right to highest attainable standard of health |
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Term
Medical Personnel
Must be respected and protected from attack and harm |
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Definition
GC I Art. 21
API Art 13
APII Art. 11 |
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Term
| GC I Art. 23 and GC IV art. 14 |
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Definition
| Establishment of hospital safety zones and protection of civilian hospitals and staff. |
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Term
GC I Art. 19, GC IV art. 18
API art. 12, APII art. 11 (1) |
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Definition
| Medical units must be protected and respected in all circumstances. |
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Term
Concluding remarks
- Health care protection in IAC & NIAC is complex and requires multiple strategies.
- IHL set of rules are critically important.
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Definition
- Human rights bodies need to play role.
- HR mechanism can be employed to overcome the gap in IHL instruments.
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