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Definition
Sweet
Bitter
Salty
Sour
Umami |
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Definition
Organic (carbon-based)
Contain AB, H (AB = 2 negatively charged ions; H = hydrogen) system |
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Organic (carbon-based)
Contain nitrogen |
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| Positively charged ions (?) |
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Definition
Must contain acid
Positive ion meets negative ion (?) |
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| bumps on the tongue that contain taste buds |
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| groups of cells on the papillae |
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| cells in the taste buds (about 30) |
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| taste receptors found here; found on tip, sides, and back of tongue |
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| taste receptors found here; found along the back of the tongue; respond best to bitter |
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| do not contain taste receptors |
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Definition
| do not contain taste receptors; look like blades of grass; used to grind up food |
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Definition
| brings info from anterior ⅔ of the tongue to the brain |
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Definition
| brings info from ⅓ back of the tongue and top of mouth to the brain |
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| brings info from the back of the throat and voice box to the brain |
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a somatosensory nerve; spiciness is a somatosensation, not a taste
→ nucleus of solitary tract → medial lemniscus → thalamus → primary somatosensory cortex (spiciness) or frontal temporal cortex (taste) |
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Definition
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| Across-fiber pattern theory |
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Definition
| in order to taste sweet etc., a combination of the patterns of different cells firing produce a certain taste |
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Definition
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| decrease in sensitivity due to stimulation of receptors; takes place on the tongue |
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Definition
| cake and coke; you’re adapted to something similar, you won’t taste that other thing |
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Definition
| change in pleasantness of taste; after eating something for a while, it doesn’t taste quite as good; takes place inside the brain |
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| one thing contains a substance that numbs certain receptors, so certain aspects of other tastes are absent, making it taste nasty (brush teeth then drink orange juice) |
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Definition
| sweet-bitter system, salty-sour system, warm-cold system |
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| cell bodies of the sensory nerves in the nose |
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Definition
| humans have 6-8 of these; dogs have 100-150 of these |
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Definition
| refers to skin at the top of the nose; where olfactory rod cells are located |
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Definition
| thin area of skull between nasal passages and brain; axons pass through this and dangle into nasal passages |
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Definition
| area of the brain that hangs from the bottom of the frontal lobe; olfactory nerve leaves the nose and ends up here, then information is passed to the primary olfactory cortex (temporal lobe) |
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Term
| Primary olfactory receptors |
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Definition
| go to the primary olfactory cortex in cerebrum; located at top of nose; "what is that smell?" |
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Definition
| located at the bottom of the nose; go to the hypothalamus |
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| senses pheromones; controls eating, drinking, sex, sleep, stress, temperature |
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Definition
help us sense danger and mates
If the receptors for these are removed in an animal, they never have sex again
Babies can recognize the smell of their mother’s breast milk because of these |
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Definition
| Amoore; every chemical has a shape that fits into certain receptors |
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Definition
| smells are contaminated by own odor and affected by breathing pattern (short sniffs are better than long inhalations) |
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Definition
| adaptation to smell of self |
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Definition
| adaptation to an odor prevents smelling of similar odor |
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| missing genes to smell certain things |
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| nasty component of sweat that stinks to high heaven |
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| Six primary smells— this theory has been rejected |
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| greek word for the ability to feel movement; gives us the sense of where our body parts are in space |
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| latin word for the ability to feel movement; gives us the sense of where our body parts are in space |
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| fluid found inside joints to lubricate them |
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| neurons that fire when a joint is stretched; go through the lemniscal system; also in muscles and tendons |
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| stretch receptors in tendons |
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| stretch receptors in muscles |
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| convey information about pain |
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Definition
| convey information about pressure |
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Term
| Primary somatosensory cortex |
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Definition
| lemniscal system ends here |
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Term
| Secondary somatosensory cortex |
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Definition
| spinothalamic system ends here |
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Term
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Definition
our senses create our reality
other philosophy— the eyes are blind; only the mind can see |
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Definition
| destroys taste receptors or causes adaptation/cross-adaptation, especially to bitter tastes |
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Definition
impairs visual cortex; night vision sucks, which is why more drug-related car accidents happen at night; decreases visual acuity
People stuck in fires or trying to commit suicide may be perfectly fine otherwise, but will have lost their sight |
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Definition
| decreases central nervous system functions |
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Definition
| at what rate flickering lights look like one steady light; when drunk, this is drastically impaired; also in schizophrenics |
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Definition
| like flicker fusion, but with “fluttering” sound |
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Definition
| improve olfactory senses; people who use this will claim that other perception is better, but testing shows no change |
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Definition
| causes awesometastic hallucinations; color discrimination and visual acuity are decreased; dark adaptation is incredibly slow; Mueller-Lyle illusion has a much greater effect; hearing is actually improved |
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Term
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Definition
| visual acuity is impaired; attention is decreased; color and brightness discrimination is decreased (might be an effect of carbon monoxide); autokinetic effect is increased |
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Definition
receptors in inner ear that tell the brain about movement of the head and relation of head to gravity
Mainly assists the eyes
If a mother has syphilis during pregnancy, the baby will be born without a vestibular system (no bony labyrinth, just solid bone) |
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| found in roaches; little bags filled with hair cells; found in the ears of fish, only called otocysts filled with otoliths; filled with ocean water |
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Definition
| little stones inside the statocysts; informs the roach about movement because when it moves, the rocks move and stimulate hair cells |
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Definition
| inner ear of humans next to the cochlea; hair cells located at the bottom and top of the watery bag; filled with ocean water with calcium carbonate stones within |
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Definition
| inner ear of humans next to the cochlea; hair cells located at the left and right of the watery bag; filled with ocean water with calcium carbonate stones within |
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Term
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Definition
canals in the temporal bone; “bony labyrinth”; filled with ocean water;
Hair cells are stuck in gel in bowls at the end of the canals; gel vibrates when you move and vibrates the hair cells; tells about rotary motion and acceleration |
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Definition
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Definition
| movement of the eyes side-to-side when a person is spun around |
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Term
| Post-rotational nystagmus |
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Definition
| the eyes continue to move after the person stops spinning |
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Term
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Definition
leaves the brain and goes through the neck, chest, and abdomen
Overstimulation of vestibular system causes vomiting because it overstimulates this nerve
Response lag/errors in perception |
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