Term
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Definition
| The Standard of Firefighter Professional Qualifications |
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Term
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Definition
| Homeland Security Presidential Directive-5 Called Management of Domestic Incidents - requires National Emergency Plan |
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Term
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Definition
| National Incident Management System |
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Term
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Definition
| Fire Ground Command - The basis of incident command developed by the Phoenix Fire Department. |
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Term
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Definition
| Fire Ground Command term designating either functional or geographic assignments. NOT NIMS compliant. |
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Term
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Definition
| NIMS term referring to functional assignments only |
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Term
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Definition
| NIMS term refer to geographic assignments only |
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Term
| Major Subdivisions of NIMS Structure |
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Definition
| Command, Operations, Planning, Logistics, Finance/Administration (remember F.L.O.P.) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Safety Officer (SO), Liaison Officer (LNO), Public Information Officer (PIO) |
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Term
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Definition
| Operations Section Chief (OPS), Planning Section Chief (Plans), Logistics Section Chief (Logistics), Finance/Administration Chief (finance), Intelligence (Intel) |
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Term
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Definition
| The organizations layer between command sections |
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Term
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Definition
| Set number of resources of the same type (example: four tenders) |
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Term
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Definition
| Assembly of different resources. (example: structure fire task force - 2 engines, 1 ladder, 1 rescue, 1 chief) |
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Term
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Definition
| Standard on Fire Department Occupational Safety and Health Program |
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Term
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Definition
| Rapid Intervention Crew - Two or more people trained and equipped to rescue emergency personnel. |
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Term
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Definition
| The act of taking over management of an incident for another Incident Commander |
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Term
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Definition
| A report given by the first arriving unit including: Who you are, where you are, what you see, what you are going to do about what you see, who will be in charge |
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Term
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Definition
| National Fire Incident Reporting System |
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Term
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Definition
| Personnel Accountability Report |
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Term
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Definition
| United States Fire Administration |
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Term
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Definition
| Standard Operating Procedure |
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Term
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Definition
| The person at the 911 center who answers the phone and dispatches units. |
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Term
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Definition
| Public Safety Answering Point - where 911 calls are answered |
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Term
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Definition
| Standard for Professional Qualifications for Public Safety Telecommunicators |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Automatic Vehicle Locating |
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Term
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Definition
| A vehicle mounted two-way radio |
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Term
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Definition
| A hand carried two-way radio |
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Term
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Definition
| A stationary two-way radio that remains in the building where it is setup. |
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Term
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Definition
| communication devices used by the deaf |
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Term
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Definition
| Telephones that are permanently connected to other phones. No numbers are dialed. |
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Term
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Definition
| Paper documentation of calls and units assigned |
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Term
| Receiving Emergency Calls |
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Definition
| Always allow the caller to hang up first. |
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Term
| Wired Telegraph Circuit Box |
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Definition
| A public alerting system that transmits an alarm of fire from a alarm box accessible to the public. Transmits only the location of the alarm by telegraph. |
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Term
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Definition
| A manual alarm activation device found in commercial and institutional buildings. |
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Term
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Definition
| Federal Communications Commission |
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Term
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Definition
| Radio vocabulary in which common terms are used. No codes are used. |
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Term
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Definition
| A mixture of foam solution and air after it has left the nozzle. |
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Term
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Definition
| A mixture of foam concentrate and water prior to leaving the nozzle. |
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Term
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Definition
| The liquid used to create foam prior to being mixed with water. |
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Term
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Definition
| Foam used on ordinary combustible to assist water in penetrating to allow cooling. A surfactant. |
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Term
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Definition
| Foam used on ignitable liquids. Stops fire by cutting off fuel from fire. Vapor suppression. |
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Term
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Definition
| A fuel composed entirely of hydrogen and carbon. Examples include gasoline and diesel fuel. |
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Term
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Definition
| A liquid that has some solubility in water due to the polar chemistry of its molecules. Examples include ethanol and methanol. |
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Term
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Definition
| A device that mixes foam concentrate and water in the appropriate ratio. |
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Term
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Definition
| The water or foam solution after it has left the nozzle. |
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Term
| Requirement to Make Effective Foam |
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Definition
| Foam Concentrate, Water, Air, Mechanical Agitation |
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Term
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Definition
Proportioned -Mixed with water
Aerated- Mixed with air |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Compressed Air Foam System |
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Term
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Definition
| A Triple F - Aqueous Film Forming Foam |
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Term
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Definition
| Film Forming Flouroprotein Foam |
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Term
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Definition
| Standard for Low Expansion, Medium Expansion and High Expansion Foam |
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Term
| Application Methods for Foam |
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Definition
| Roll on, Bank Down, Rain Down |
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Term
| Typical Proportioning for Class B Foam |
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Definition
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Term
| Typical Proportioning for Class A Foam |
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Definition
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Term
| Methods of Proportioning Foam |
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Definition
| Induction, Injection, Batch-Mixing, Premixing |
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Term
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Definition
| The principal of lower pressure being associated with higher velocity. Used to explain the operation of the foam eductor. |
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Term
| Air-Aspirating Foam Nozzles |
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Definition
| Nozzles specially designed to entrain air in the foam stream. |
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Term
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Definition
| Material Safety Data Sheet |
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Term
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Definition
| pH not close to 7. Either caustic or acidic. |
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Term
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Definition
| Liquids with a flash point less than 100 F (38C) |
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Term
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Definition
| Liquids with a flash point higher than 100F (38C) |
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Term
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Definition
| The lowest temperature at which a liquid will evolve sufficient vapor to momentarily enter the flammable range. |
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Term
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Definition
| Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion - typical failure mode of a propane tank overwhelmed by fire. |
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Term
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Definition
| Class B fuels must never be flushed down storm drains. |
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Term
| Approaching burning horizontal tanks |
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Definition
| Approach should be made at a 45 degree angle from the end. Never straight on. |
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Term
| Approaching burning liquid fires |
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Definition
| Should always be approached from uphill and up wind. |
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Term
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Definition
| The chemical odorant added to natural gas and propane to make it detectable by smell. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Transport - up to 1,000 p.s.i.
Distribution - typically around 50 p.s.i. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Propane (LP) - wants to go to a low place
Natural Gas - wants to rise |
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Term
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Definition
| Gas fires should be extinguished by shutting off the fuel. If this is not possible, they should be allowed to burn. |
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Term
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Definition
| Energized electrical fires. Best dealt with by de-energizing and treating as class A. |
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Term
| Clean Agents or Clean Extinguishing Agents |
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Definition
| Halogenated compounds used to suppress fires in rooms with materials that would be destroyed using traditional tactics - commonly found in computer labs. |
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Term
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Definition
| Poly Chlorinated Biphenyls - Known carcinogens found in older transformer oils. |
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Term
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Definition
| A wall that holds up the floors or roof above |
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Term
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Definition
| A non-load bearing interior wall |
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Term
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Definition
| A common load bearing wall shared between two structures |
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Term
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Definition
| The material used in products like Drywall and Sheetrock. Undergoes an endothermic reaction to help stop fire. |
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Term
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Definition
| Fire-rated wall with a specified degree of fire resistance. |
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Term
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Definition
| Bricks, blocks, stones and unreinforced and reinforced concrete products |
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Term
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Definition
| Walls that extend beyond the structure that supports them |
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Term
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Definition
| Walls with a surface layer of attractive material laid over a base of common material. |
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Term
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Definition
| High carbon content iron that is brittle and fails readily when cooled rapidly with water. |
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Term
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Definition
| Low carbon content steel that is tough and undamaged by rapid cooling with water. |
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Term
| Construction Classifications |
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Definition
Type I - Fire Resistive
Type II - Noncombustible
Type III - Ordinary
Type IV - Heavy Timber
Type V - Wood Frame |
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Term
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Definition
Fire Resistive
Strengths
-resists direct flame impingement
-confines fire well
-little collapse potential from effects of fire alone
-impervious to water damage
Weaknesses
-difficult to breach for access or escape
-difficult to ventilate during a fire
-massive debris following collapse
-floors, ceilings, and walls retain heat |
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Term
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Definition
Noncombustible
Strengths
-almost as resistive as Type I construction
-confines fire well
-almost as structurally stable at Type I construction
-easier to ventilate than Type I construction
Weaknesses
-difficult to breach for access or escape
-unprotected steel structural components can fail due to heat
-roof system less stable that type I construction
-steel components weakening by fire
-steel components subject to weakening by rust and corrosion
-massive debris following collapse |
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Term
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Definition
Ordinary
Strengths
-resists fire spread from the outside
-relatively easy to vertically ventilate
Weaknesses
-interior structural members vulnerable to fire involvement
-fire spread potential through concealed spaces
-susceptible to water damage |
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Term
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Definition
Heavy Timber
Strengths
-resists collapse due to flame impingement of heavy beams
-structurally stable
-relatively easy to vertically or horizontally ventilate
-relatively easy to breach for access or escape
-manageable debris following collapse
Weakness
-susceptible to fire spread from outside
-potential for flame spread to other nearby structures
-susceptible to rapid interior flame spread
-susceptible to water damage |
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Term
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Definition
Wood Frame Construction
Strengths
-Easily breached for access, ventilation, or escape
-resistant to collapse from earthquakes due to light weight and flexibility
-collapse debris relatively easy to manage
Weaknesses
-susceptible to fire spread from outside
-susceptible to rapid flame spread inside
-susceptible to total collapse due to fire or explosion
-susceptible to water damage |
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Term
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Definition
| Standard on Types of Building Construction |
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Term
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Definition
| Awareness of immediate surroundings |
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Term
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Definition
| Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning |
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Term
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Definition
| Property other than the fire building that may catch fire if nothing is done. |
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Term
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Definition
| The amount of combustible material in a space. |
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Term
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Definition
| 1 1/2 times the building height |
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Term
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Definition
| The cantilevered section of wall that extends above the roof on many commercial buildings. |
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Term
| Indicators of Impending Collapse |
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Definition
-cracks or separations in walls, floors, ceilings and roofs
-rods and stars that have been added to shore up a failing building
-loose bricks, blocks or stoles falling
-deteriorated mortar
-leaning walls
-distorted structural members
-fires below heavily loaded floors
-prolonged fire exposure to structural members
-unusual creaks and crackling noises
-structural members pulling away from walls
-excessive loading of building floors and roofs. |
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Term
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Definition
| A truss composed of wooden upper compression members and a wire rope tensile member on the bottom. Prone to early failure under fire conditions. |
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Term
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Definition
| Forces trying to stretch an object. |
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Term
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Definition
| Forces tending to crush an object. |
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Term
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Definition
| A tool that water flows through |
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Term
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Definition
Ball - uses a ball with a hole through it
Gate - uses a sliding gate
Butterfly - uses a rotating disk to turn on and off in 90 degrees
Clapper - uses a hinged disk to block reverse flow |
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Term
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Definition
Wye - splits one line into two
Siamese - combines two lines into one |
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Term
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Definition
| A wye with one additional larger diameter discharge in the middle. |
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Term
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Definition
| Connect threads of the same diameter |
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Term
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Definition
| Connect threads of different diameters |
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Term
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Definition
| Fire Department Connection - allows engine to pump into fire sprinklers or standpipe. |
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Term
| Hose Jacket or Burst Hose Jacket |
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Definition
| A device that is closed around the ruptured section of a hose. Can also be used to join hoses of dissimilar diameter. |
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Term
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Definition
| A mechanical clamp used to pinch off charged hose lines. |
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Term
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Definition
| A block placed between the hose connected to the pump discharge and the ground. Prevents the vibration of the pump from abrading the hose. |
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Term
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Definition
| Roll begins with the male thread on the inside, hose is rolled one section wide. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hose is folded at half length, both ends end up on the outside. Rolled one width wide. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hose is folded at half length to produce to sections next to each other. Both couplings end up on the outside, roll is two sections wide. |
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Term
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Definition
| Placement of hose in the bed such that hose is lying flat |
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Term
| Accordion and Horseshoe loads |
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Definition
| Loads in which the hose is place on edge and folded as the stack proceeds across the bed. |
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Term
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Definition
| The hose fold used to eliminate the rolling of couplings as the hose leaves the bed. |
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Term
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Definition
1 1/2" - 150 GPM
1 3/4" - 175 GPM
2" - 200 GPM
2 1/2" - 250 GPM
Master Stream - 350 to 2,000 GPM |
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Term
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Definition
| Applying water or foam directly on the burning fuel |
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Term
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Definition
| Bouncing the stream off of the ceiling from outside the fire room |
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Term
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Definition
| Using both direct and indirect attack methods. |
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Term
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Definition
Can be used for:
-Direct Fire Attack
-Backing up handlines already engaged in fire attack
-Exposure protection |
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Term
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Definition
| A stationary nozzle discharging in excess of 350 GPM |
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Term
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Definition
| The OSHA requirement to positively control energy sources to equipment that is being worked on. |
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Term
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Definition
| A fire set under circumstances in which a responsible party knows it should not be ignited. |
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Term
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Definition
| Continuous changes of possession of physical "evidence" that must be established in court to admit such material in evidence. |
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Term
| First Arriving Units should take mental note of |
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Definition
-vehicles and people present in the area
-status of doors and windows(locked or open)
-evidence of forced entry by anyone other than firefighters
-contents of rooms - are they in the usual order?
-indications of unusual fire behavior or more than one point of origin |
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Term
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Definition
| Combustible materials placed to commute an incendiary fire from the area of origin. |
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Term
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Definition
| Evidence presented by a witness who did not see or hear the incident in question but hear about it from someone else. |
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Term
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Definition
| General term used for lengths of timber, jacks, etc used to support loads. Also known as cribbing. |
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Term
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Definition
| Supplemental Restraint System - Airbags |
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Term
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Definition
| Side Impact Protection System |
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Term
| Safety Glass (Laminated Glass) |
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Definition
| Special glass composed of two sheets of glass that are laminated to a sheet of plastic sandwiched between them under high temperature and pressure. Primarily used for automobile windshield and some rear windows. |
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Term
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Definition
| Type of glass specially treated to become harder and more break-resistant than plate glass or a single sheet of laminated glass. Tempered glass is most commonly used in side windows and some rear windows. |
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Term
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Definition
| Method of automobile construction used for most modern cars in which the frame and body of a vehicle is one integral unit. |
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Term
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Definition
| Personal Alert Safety System |
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Term
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Definition
| Signal given to the incident commander that a specific area has been checked for victims and none have been found. of all found victims have been extricated from an entrapment. |
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Term
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Definition
-Most severely threatened
-Largest numbers
-Remainder of the hazard zone
-Exposures |
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Term
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Definition
| Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 200 feet of 3/8" rope with a 2" steel ring every 20 feet. Knots indicate the ring number. |
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Term
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Definition
| A voluntary evaluation of risk at a property in which the surveyor serves in an advisory role. |
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Term
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Definition
| An evaluation of code compliance at a property. |
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Term
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Definition
| Standard for Professional Qualifications for Fire Inspector and Plan Examiner |
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Term
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Definition
-Chemical
-Electrical
-Mechanical
-Nuclear |
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Term
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Definition
-Direct Pumping
-Gravity Systems
-Combination Systems |
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Term
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Definition
| Fire hydrant that receives water from two or more directions |
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Term
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Definition
| Water main arranged in a complete circuit so that water will be supplied to a given point from more than one direction. |
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Term
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Definition
| Not less than 6", commonly 8+" |
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Term
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Definition
| Post Indicating Valve - a valve commonly used in sprinkler systems that displays OPEN or SHUT in a window on a post. |
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Term
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Definition
| Outside Stem and Yoke Valve. Commonly used as a control valve on sprinkler systems. It indicates the valve's position by the threaded stem being visible (open) or not visible (closed) |
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Term
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Definition
| (1) Potential energy that is available to force water through pipes and fittings, fire hose and adapters. (2)Pressure at a given point in a water system when no water is flowing. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pressure created by the rate of flow or velocity of water coming from a discharge opening. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pressure at the test hydrant while water is flowing. It represents the pressure remaining in the water supply system while the test water is flowing and is that part of the total pressure that is not used to overcome friction or gravity while forcing water through fire hose, pipe, fittings, and adapters. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hydrant typically used in warm weather environments where the valve gear is place above ground. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hydrant typically used in cold weather environments where the valve gear is place below ground. |
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Term
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Definition
| Instrument that is inserted into a flowing liquid (such as a stream of water) to measure the velocity pressure of the stream; commonly used to measure flow. A pitot tube functions by converting the velocity energy to pressure energy that can then be measured by a pressure gauge. |
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Term
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Definition
| Process of acquiring water from a static source and transferring it into a pump that is above the source's level; atmospheric pressure on the water surface forces the water into the pump where a partial vacuum was created. |
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Term
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Definition
| Standing water - lakes, rivers, swimming pools, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| Standard on Water Supplies for Suburban and Rural Firefighting |
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Term
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Definition
| Method of water supply by which tenders/tankers continuously transport water between a fill site and the dump site located near the emergency scene. |
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Term
| Capacity of folding tanks |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A device used to transfer water from one folding tank to another. |
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Term
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Definition
| Storage tank used during a relay or shuttle operation to hold water from water tanks or hydrants. This water can then be used to supply attack apparatus. Also called Catch Basin, Fold-a-Tank, Portable Basin or Porta-tank. |
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Term
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Definition
| Standard For Automotive Fire Apparatus |
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Term
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Definition
| Must exceed 1,000 Gallons Per Minute to comply with NFPA 1901 |
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Term
| Protected Premises Alarm System |
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Definition
| (1) Alarm system that alerts and notifies only occupants on the premises of the existence of fire so that they can safely exit the building and call the fire department. If a response by a public safety agency (police or fire department) is required, an occupant hearing the alarm must notify the agency. (2) Combination of alarm components designated to detect a fire and transmit an alarm on the immediate premises. |
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Term
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Definition
| Temperature of the surrounding environment |
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Term
| Fixed-Temperature Heat Detector |
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Definition
| Temperature sensitive device that senses temperature changes and sounds an alarm at a specific point. |
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Term
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Definition
| Small glass vial fitted into the discharge orifice of a fire sprinkler. The glass vial is partly filled with a liquid that expands as heat builds up. At a predetermined temperature, vapor pressure causes the glass bulb to break, causing water to flow. |
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Term
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Definition
| (1) Connecting link device that fuses or melts when exposed to heat. Used in sprinklers, fire doors, dampers, and ventilators. (2)Two-piece link held together with a metal that melts or fuses at a specific temperature. Also known as fusible link. |
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Term
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Definition
| Strip of disk composed of two different metals that are bonded together; used in heat detection equipment |
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Term
| Rate of Rise Heat Detector |
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Definition
| Temperature sensitive device that sounds an alarm when the temperature changes at a preset value such as -11C to -9C per minute |
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Term
| Rate-Compensated Heat Detector |
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Definition
| Temperature sensitive device that sounds an alarm at a preset temperature, regardless of how fast temperatures change. |
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Term
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Definition
| Alarm initiating device designed to actuate when visible or invisible products of combustion (other than fire gases) are present in the room or space where the unit is installed. |
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Term
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Definition
| A device designed to sound an alarm when the products of combustion are present in the room where the device is installed. The alarm is built into the device rather than being a separate system. |
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Term
| Photoelectric Smoke Detector |
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Definition
| Type of smoke detector that uses a small light source, either an incandescent bulb or light emitting diode (LED), to detect smoke by shining light through the detector's chamber. Smoke particles reflect the light into light sensitive device called a photocell. |
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Term
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Definition
| Type of smoke detector that uses a small amount of radioactive material to make the air withing a sensing chamber conduct electricity. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Rated for 10 years of service powering a smoke detector. |
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Term
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Definition
| Detection and alarm devices used in some fire detection systems (generally in high-hazard areas) that detect light/flames in the ultraviolet wavelength spectrum (UV detectors) or detect light in the infrared wavelength spectrum (IR detectors). Also called light detectors. |
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Term
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Definition
| Device used to detect gases produced by a fire within a confined space. |
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Term
|
Definition
Water vapor
Carbon dioxide
Carbon monoxide
Hydrogen chloride
Hydrogen cyanide
Hydrogen fluoride
Hydrogen sulfide |
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Term
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Definition
| Alarm-initiating device capable of detecting an abnormal condition by more that one means. The most common common combination detector is the fixed-temperature/rate-of-rise heat detector. |
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Term
| Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990 - Public Law 101-336 |
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Definition
| A federal statute (US) intended to remove barriers - physical and otherwise that limit access to individuals with disabilities. |
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Term
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Definition
| (1) Alarm actuated by heat, gas, smoke, flame-sensing devices, or waterflow in a spriknler system conveyed to local alarm bells or fire station. (2) Alarm boxes that automatically transmit a coded signal to the fire station to give the location of the alarm box. |
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Term
|
Definition
| System that connects the protected property with the fire department alarm communications center by a municipal master fire alarm box or over a dedicated phone line. |
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Term
| Remote Station Alarm System |
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Definition
| System in which alarm signals from the protected premises are transmitted over a leased telephone line to a remote receiving station with a 24-hour staff; usually the municipal fire department's alarm communications center. |
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Term
| Proprietary Alarm Systems |
|
Definition
| Fire protection system owned and operated by the property owner. |
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Term
| Capabilities of modern proprietary systems |
|
Definition
-transmitting coded-alarm and trouble signals
-monitoring building-utility controls
-monitoring elevator status
-monitoring fire and smoke dampers
-performing security functions |
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Term
|
Definition
| System that functions through a constantly attended location (central station) operated by an alarm company. Alarm signals from the protected property are received in the central station and then retransmitted by trained personnel to the fire department alarm communications center. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Alarm that sounds before a total flooding fire extinguishing system is about to discharge. This gives occupants the opportunity to leave the area. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Shutting down or altering airflow in heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems for smoke control
-closing smoke or fire-rated doors and dampers
-facilitating evacuation by increasing air pressure in stairwells to exclude smoke
-overriding elevator controls
-monitoring operations of commercial incinerator management systems
-monitoring refrigeration systems and cold storage areas
-controlling personnel access to hazardous process or storage areas
-Detecting combustible or toxic gases |
|
|
Term
| Reasons a Sprinkler System May Not Perform Properly |
|
Definition
-Partially or completely closed main water control valve
-Interruption to the municipal water supply
-Damaged or painted over sprinklers
-Frozen or broken pipes
-Excess debris or sediment in the pipes
-Failure of a secondary water supply
-Sprinklers obstructed by objects stacked too close |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Vertical water pipe used to carry water for fire protection system above ground such as a standpipe riser or sprinkler riser. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Uncolored or Black - Ordinary - 135-170F
White - Intermediate - 175-225 F
Blue - High - 250-300 F
Red - Extra High - 325-375 F
Green - Very Extra High - 400-475 F
Orange - Ultra High - 500-575 F |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Outside Stem & Yoke valve; a type of control valve for a sprinkler system in which the position of the center screw indicates whether the valve is open or closed. Also known as outside screw and yoke valve. |
|
|
Term
| Post Indicator Valve (PIV) |
|
Definition
| A type of valve used to control underground water mains that provides a visual means for indicating "open" or "shut" position; found on the supply main of installed fire protection systems. |
|
|
Term
| Wet-Pipe Sprinkler System |
|
Definition
| Fire-suppression system is built into a structure or site; piping contains either water or foam solution continuously; activation of a sprinkler causes the extinguishing agent to flow from the open sprinkler. |
|
|
Term
| Dry-Pipe Sprinkler System |
|
Definition
| Fire-suppression system that consists of closed sprinklers attached to a piping system that contains air under pressure. When a sprinkler activates, air is released that activates the water or foam control valve and fills the piping with extinguishing agent. Dry-pipe systems are often installed in areas subject to freezing. |
|
|
Term
| Preaction Sprinkler Systems |
|
Definition
| Fire-suppresion system that consist of closed sprinklers attached to a piping system that contains air under pressure and a secondary detection system; both must operate before the extinguishing agent released into the system; similar to the dry-pipe sprinkler system. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fire-suppression system consisting of piping and open sprinklers. A fire detection system is used to activate the water or foam control valve. When the system activates, the extinguishing agent expels from all sprinklers heads in the designated area. |
|
|
Term
| Fire Department Connection |
|
Definition
| Point at which the fire department can connect into a sprinkler or standpipe system to boost the water flow in the system. This connection consists of a clappered siamese with two or more 2 1/2 inch intakes or one large diameter 4 inch intake. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Thorough and systematic inspection of a building for the purpose of identifying significant structural and/or occupancy characteristics to assist in the development of a pre-incident plan for that building. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Distance from the street line to the front of a building. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Auxiliary electrical power generating device. The inverter is a step-up transformer that converts the vehicle's 12 or 24 volt DC current into 110 or 220 volt AC current. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Auxiliary electrical power generating device. Portable generators are powered by small gasoline or diesel engines and generally have 110 and/or 220 volt capabilities. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A luminous discharge of electricity across a gap. Arcs produce very high temperature. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Branch of fluid mechanics dealing with the mechanical properties of liquids and the application of these properties in engineering. |
|
|
Term
| Acceptance Testing (Proof Test) |
|
Definition
| Preservice test on fire apparatus or equipment or equipment at the factory or after delivery to assure the purchaser that the apparatus or equipment meet bid specifications. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Series of tests performed of apparatus and equipment in order to ensure operational readiness of unit. These should be performed at least yearly or whenever a piece of apparatus of equipment has undergone extensive repair. |
|
|
Term
| Awareness Level Hazmat Responders |
|
Definition
| "...persons who in the course of their normal duties, could encounter an emergency involving hazardous materials/weapons of mass destruction (WMD) and are expected to recognize the presence of the hazardous materials/WMD, protect themselves, call for trained personnel and secure the area. |
|
|
Term
| Capabilities of Awareness level responders |
|
Definition
-detect the presence of hazmat
-survey the scene from a safe distance
-use the DOT ERG |
|
|
Term
| Actions to be taken by Awareness level responders |
|
Definition
-initiate protective actions
-initiate the notification process |
|
|
Term
| NFPA 472 definition of Hazardous Material |
|
Definition
| A substance (either matter - solid, liquid or gas - or energy) that when released is capable of creating harm to people, the environment, and property including weapons of mass destruction (WMD), as well as any other criminal use of hazardous materials, such as illicit labs, environmental crimes, or industrial sabotage. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Flammable Solids; Spontaneously Combustible Materials; Dangerous When Wet/Water-Reactive Substances |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Oxidizing Substances and Organic Peroxides |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Toxic and infectious substances |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Miscellaneous hazardous materials/Products, Substances or Organisms |
|
|
Term
| The difference between HAZMAT and WMD incidents |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Outer boundary of an incident that is controlled to prevent entrance by the public or unauthorized persons. |
|
|
Term
| Initial Isolation Distance |
|
Definition
| Distance within which all persons should be considered for evacuation in all directions from the actual spill/leak source (ERG term) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Circular zone (with a radius equivalent to the initial isolation distance) within which persons may be exposed to life-threatening concentrations downwind of the source. |
|
|
Term
| Protective Action Distance |
|
Definition
| Downwind distance for which protective actions should be considered. (ERG term) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Area immediately adjacent to and downwind from the initial isolation zone, which is in imminent danger of being contaminated by airborne vapors within 30 minutes of the material release (ERG term); see the ERG green-bordered pages where the boundaries of this are given in units of tenths of miles (kilometers) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Zones dividing the levels of hazard of an incident (hot, warm, or cold), with the hot zone representing the highest degree of hazard; U.S. EPA/OSHA term: site work zones; also called scene-control zones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Area located in the warm zone where contaminated clothing, people and equipment can be cleaned or secured. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Primarily an are serving as a safe place to wait for evacuation assistance in the event of fire when building elevators are normally inaccessible; used in the HAZMAT world as a safe location (or locations) where evacuated persons are directed to gather while potential emergencies are assessed, decisions are made, and mitigating activities are begun. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Area where personnel and equipment awaiting assignment to the incident are held (which keeps responders and equipment out of the way and safe until needed), minimizing confusion and freelancing at the scene; located at an isolated spot in the cold zone where occupants cannot interfere with ongoing operations (Incident Management System [IMS] term) |
|
|
Term
| Rehabilitation Area (rehab area) |
|
Definition
| Safe location where emergency personnel can rest sit or lie down, have food and drink, and have medical conditions evaluated; located in the cold zone. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Area where victims of an incident are brought for medical assessment (triage) and stabilization (treatment); located in the cold zone unless a patient is contaminated, then it would have to be the warm zone. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Superfund Amendment Reauthorization Act |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hazardous Waste Operations Emergency Response |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Code of Federal Regulations overseeing Hazardous Materials response. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Local Emergency Planning Committee |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Material Safety Data Sheet |
|
|
Term
| Maximum transportable weight before placarding is required |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Other Regulated Material - Class D |
|
|
Term
| Hazardous Material Hazards |
|
Definition
T.R.A.C.E.M.P.
Thermal
Radiological
Asphyxiation
Chemical
Etiological
Mechanical
Psychological |
|
|
Term
| Methods of HAZMAT Transport |
|
Definition
Roadways
Railways
Waterways
Airways
Pipelines |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fixed location placarding system. Consists of an on point diamond, subdivided into four smaller diamonds for health, fire, reactivity and special hazards. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Blue - Health Hazard
-Red - Fire Hazard
-Yellow - Reactivity Hazard
-White - Special Hazard |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
4- Severe Hazard
3- Serious Hazard
2- Moderate Hazard
1- Slight Hazard
0- Minimal Hazard |
|
|
Term
| Shipping papers used in air transit |
|
Definition
| Called the AIRBILL located in the COCKPIT responsibility of the PILOT |
|
|
Term
| Shipping papers used in HIGHWAY transportation |
|
Definition
| Called the BILL OF LADING found in the VEHICLE CAB responsibility of the DRIVER |
|
|
Term
| Shipping papers used in RAIL transport |
|
Definition
| Called the WAYBILL or CONSIST. Located in the ENGINE or CABOOSE. Responsibility of the CONDUCTOR. |
|
|
Term
| Shipping papers used in WATER transport |
|
Definition
| Called DANGEROUS CARGO MANIFEST. Found in the BRIDGE or PILOTHOUSE. Responsibility of the CAPTAIN or MASTER. |
|
|
Term
| Main Sections of the MSDS |
|
Definition
Chemical Identity
Manufacturer's Information
Hazardous Ingredients
Physical and Chemical Characteristics
Fire and Explosion Hazard Data
Reactivity (Instability) Data
Health Hazard Data
Precautions for Safe Handling and Use
Control Measures |
|
|
Term
| Toxic Inhalation Hazard Zones |
|
Definition
Hazard Zone A - LC50 less than or equal to 200 ppm
Hazard Zone B - LC50 greater than 200 ppm and less than or equal to 1,000 ppm
Hazard Zone C - LC50 greater than 1,000 ppm and less than or equal to 3,000 ppm
Hazard Zone D - LC50 greater than 3,000 ppm and less than or equal to 5,000 ppm |
|
|
Term
| Clues to a HAZMAT release. |
|
Definition
-Spreading vapor cloud or smoke
-Unusual colored smoke
-Flames
-Gloves Melting
-Changes in vegetation
-Container deterioration
-Containers bulging
-Sick humans
-Dead or dying birds, animals, insects or fish
-Discoloration of valves or piping |
|
|
Term
| Occupancies commonly targeted for terrorist activities |
|
Definition
Public Assembly occupancies and locations
Public buildings
Mass transit systems
Places with high economic significance
Telecommunications facilities
Places with historical or symbolic significance
Military installations
Airports
Industrial facilities |
|
|
Term
| Indicators of possible criminal or terrorist activity involving chemical agents |
|
Definition
-Presence of hazardous materials or laboratory equipment that is not relevant to the occupancy
-Intentional release of hazardous materials
-Unexplained patterns of sudden onset of similar, nontraumatic illnesses or deaths
-Unexplained odors or tastes that are out of character with the surroundings
-Multiple individuals exhibiting unexplained signs of skin, eye or airway irritation
-Unexplained bomb or munition like material
-Unexplained vapor clouds, mists, plumes
-Multiple individuals exhibiting unexplained health problems. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Salivation (drooling)
Lacrimation (tearing)
Urination
Defecation
Gastrointestinal upset/aggravation
Emesis
Miosis (pinpoint pupils)
Muscular twitching |
|
|
Term
| Pesticide Label Signal Words |
|
Definition
Danger/Poison - used for highly toxic materials
Warning - used for moderately toxic materials
Caution - used for chemicals with relatively low toxicity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the name of the extra fold placed along the length of a section of hose so that a coupling is not resting at the end? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Which NFPA standard allows a firefighter to ride on a moving apparatus without safety restraints to load hose as long as certain criteria are met and a local written policy is in place? |
|
|
Term
| Loose enough to permit a gloved hand to be inserted between the folds |
|
Definition
| How tight should hose be packed in the hose bed? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Simplest of all hose rolls, starts at one end usually at the male coupling. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Which hose load allows for the fewest amount of bends in the hose? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Which hose load finish is used for a forward lay? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Small tool primarily used to tighten or loosen hose couplings. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When conditions preclude shutting down the hoseline to replace the bad section, a hose jacket can sometimes be installed at the point of rupture. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Can be used to stop the flow of water in a hoseline. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Commonly used in situations where hose is likely to be deployed for use directly from a roll. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When hose is laid from the fire to the water source. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A fitting for connecting hose couplings with dissimilar threads and the same inside diameter.(647) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Extent of which a substance dissolves into a solvent (usually water) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Stored energy possessed by an object that can be released in the future to perform work. |
|
|
Term
| (678) Except for booster lines, how many firefighters are usually needed when the nozzle needs to be advanced? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The energy possessed by a moving object. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hoseline in which water is flowing through a nozzle, an open butt, or a rupture and is out of control. |
|
|
Term
| Safest way to control a loose hoseline? |
|
Definition
| Closing a valve at the pump or hydrant. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An exothermic chemical reaction that is a self-sustaining process of rapid oxidation of a fuel, that produces heat and light. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Model of the four elements/ conditions required to have a fire. The four sides of the tetrahedron represent fuel, heat, oxygen, and chemical chain reaction. |
|
|
Term
| When should woven jacket hose be washed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How should in service fire hose be stored? |
|
Definition
| Rolled with female coupling out |
|
|
Term
| Which direction do you turn a coupling to pull a hose apart? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the cut in the lugs of hose couplings to make alignment easier? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What should you do before hooking up any fire coupling? |
|
Definition
| Check to see rubber gasket is in place |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Protects fire hose from direct sunlight, rain, and snow. Covers may be constructed of metal or made of waterproof fabric |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fires involving ordinary combustible materials. Example: wood,cloth, paper,rubber grass,and many plastics. |
|
|
Term
| Thermal Property: Retention |
|
Definition
| Keeps heat energy and sustains high temperatures for a long period of time |
|
|
Term
| Thermal Property: Insulation |
|
Definition
| Loses less heat and keeps more heat |
|
|
Term
| Thermal Property: Retention |
|
Definition
| Keeps heat energy and sustains high temperatures for a long period of time |
|
|
Term
| Fire Control Technique: Fuel Removal |
|
Definition
| Allowing the fire to burn out or removing the fuel source |
|
|
Term
| Fire Control Technique: Temperature Reduction |
|
Definition
| Cooling a fire, usually with water, until it no longer produces sufficient vapor to burn |
|
|
Term
| Fire Control Technique: Chemical Flame Inhibition |
|
Definition
| Interrupts combustion reaction and stops flame production. Dry chemical or class K extinguisher uses this technique |
|
|
Term
| One way for preventing thermal damage to fire hose. |
|
Definition
| Roll dry hose in a straight roll for storage. This keeps the liner from drying out. |
|
|
Term
| Benefit to opening and closing nozzles, valves, and hydrants slowly. |
|
Definition
| Prevent mechanical damage. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The size of a fire hose refers to its inside diameter. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fires involving flammable liquids and gases. They can be extinguished by shutting off the gas supply for gas, and extinguished with appropriatley applied foam and/or dry chem agents. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fire that involves energized electrical equipment. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fires that involve combustible metals. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fires that involves oils and greases normally found in commercial kitchens and food preparation facilities using deep fryers. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a colorless, ordorless, dangerous gas(both toxic and flammable) formed by the incomplete combustion of carbon. It combines more than 200 times as quickly with hemoglobin as oxygen, thus decreases the blood's ability to carry oxygen. |
|
|
Term
| What is the form of energy in a fire? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When all three points of the fire triangle come together and combustion occurs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When a fire is controlled by the air supply |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Where the hot fire gases and cool inwardly rushing air meet |
|
|
Term
| NFPA _______ requires those qualified at the Fire Fighter I level to know necessary precautions for the advancement and operation of hoselines on the fireground. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When fire rapidly jumps from the growth stage to the fully involved stage. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The tendency of hot gases to rise towards the ceiling and creating a layers of air at different temperatures. |
|
|
Term
| What happens when temperature in a compartment results in simultaneous ignition of all the combustible contents in the space? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Stage of the burning process where energy is released at the maximum rate and is only by availability of fuel and oxygen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Stage of the fire development when fuel is consumed and energy release diminishes, and temperatures decrease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An increase in ventilation, such as opening a door or a window, can result in explosively rapid combustion called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fine spray composed of tiny water droplets |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Useful for providing a broken stream |
|
|
Term
| The designed operating pressure for most combination nozzles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Velocity pressure at which water is discharged from the nozzle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Water flowing from the nozzle to the fire |
|
|
Term
| what is the primary way water puts out fire? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what must vapor mix with to be able to be flammable? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how much does water expand when converted to steam? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A smooth bore nozzle produces what kind of stream? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Preferred ventilation cut |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A cut used to check for fire extension. Only the width of the saw blade |
|
|
Term
| Best place to make a ventilation cut |
|
Definition
| Near the highest point of the roof |
|
|
Term
| 2 types of concrete roofs common in North America |
|
Definition
| Precast and pour-in-place |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A large ventilation hole made to stop fire advancement in a long, narrow building |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| _________ is the systematic removal of heated air, smoke, and fire gases from a burning building and replacing them with cooler air |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Outcome of combustion in a confined space in which gases tend to form into layers, according to temperature, with the hottest gases are found at the ceiling and the coolest gases at the floor level. |
|
|
Term
| What are the four types of ventilation? |
|
Definition
| Horizontal, vertical, natural, mechanical |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This valve works by rotating the internal component up to 90 degrees |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The act of excluding oxygen from a fuel |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Used for combustible liquids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The expansion rate of high-expansion foam |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Raw foam liquid before the introduction of water and air |
|
|
Term
| Universal fire ground objectives |
|
Definition
Life Safety,Incident stabilization,
Property conservation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tendency of heat, smoke, and other products of combustion to rise until they encounter a horizontal obstruction. At this time they will spread laterally until they encounter vertical obstructions and begin to bank downward. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Most common type of foam proprotioner in the fire service |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This eductor is built into the nozzle rather than into the hoseline. |
|
|
Term
| Compressed-Air Foam Systems |
|
Definition
| a direct-injection foam-proportioning system that mixes foam solution with the water on discharge side of the pump, and an onboard air compressor adds air to the mix |
|
|
Term
| Roll-on, bank-down, rain-down methods |
|
Definition
| What are the three foam application techniques? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| manufacturer's material safety data sheets |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The body that must approve class A foams for environmental impact |
|
|
Term
| The rain-down technique for applying foam is the primary application technique for what type of fire? |
|
Definition
| above ground storage tank |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Basements built under homes on a slope. They generally have large exterior windows and one or more exterior doors. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ventilation that is created by deliberate means. It can be done mechanically or hydraulically. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The recirculation of smoke during negative-pressure ventilation |
|
|
Term
| Positive-pressure ventilation |
|
Definition
| The ventilation technique that creates a slightly higher pressure inside a building than outside the building. |
|
|
Term
| Negative-pressure ventilation |
|
Definition
| The technique that pulls smoke out of a structure |
|
|
Term
| Least environmentally damaging foam? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Air-aspirating foam nozzle |
|
Definition
| Most effective appliance for generation of low-expansion foam.(745) |
|
|
Term
| Hydraulic ventilation uses what water stream to entrain or carry the smoke out of the building? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| To perform hydraulic ventilation, a fog stream is set on a wide for pattern that will cover __________ percent of the window or door opening from which the smoke will be pushed out. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When performing hydraulic ventilation the nozzle tip should be at least how many feet back from the opening? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Many modern building have what type of systems built in that can significantly contribute to the spread of smoke and fire throughout a structure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process used to mix foam concentrate with water in a nozzle or proportioner |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the method of proportioning foam that uses an external pump or head pressure to force out foam concentrate into the fire stream at the correct ratio |
|
|
Term
| What is required to make 100 gallons of 3% foam |
|
Definition
| 3 gallons of foam concentrate, and 97 gallons of water (739) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mixing premeasured portions of water and foam concentrate in a container |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The percentage that class B foam is mixed in proportions from |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Device that introduces foam concentrate into the water stream to make the foam solution. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mixture of foam concentrate and water before the introduction of air. |
|
|
Term
| Four ways foam may be proportioned? |
|
Definition
| Induction, injection, batch mixing, premixing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The part of the total pressure that is lossed while forcing water through pipes, fittings, fire hose and adapters. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hose stream that stays together as a solid mass as opposed to a fog or spray stream. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Water stream of finely divided particles used for fire control. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Stream of water that has been broken into coarsely divided drops. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Force created by the rapid deceleration of water causing a violent increase in pressure that can be powerful enough to rupture piping or damage fixtures. |
|
|
Term
| When should you position apparatus over electrical utility access covers? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| For maximum safety, who should cut electrical wires? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When it is necessary to shut off electrical service to a structure, the main power switch should be? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The flow of gas into a building can be stopped by turning the cutoff valve to the closed position, which is at what angle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Natural gas meters may be located near both commercial and residential occupancies. What is usually located on the gas pipe on the supply side of the meter. |
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Definition
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Definition
| Distinctive odor added to normally odorless natural gas |
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Term
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Definition
| In its pure form it is Methane |
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Term
| Bulk Transport Vehicle Fires |
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Definition
| Fires involving transport vehicles with flammable liquid cargo. |
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Term
| It usually takes a minimum of how many firefighters to deploy a master stream device? |
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Definition
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Term
| In order to move a master stream once it's operation, you must do what? |
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Definition
| You must properly shut it down. |
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Term
| Indirect attack (structural) |
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Definition
| Directing fire streams toward the ceiling of a room or building in order to generate a large amount of steam. Converting the water to steam aborbs the heat of the fire and cools the area suffiently for fire fighters to safely enter and make a direct attack on the fire. |
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Term
| When possible, it is best to supply a master stream of a maximum of how many feet of the hose in order to reduce the amount of friction loss? |
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Definition
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Term
| To aggressively attack a fire from the exterior with a large diameter fire stream. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 2 or more fully equipped and immediately available firefighters |
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Term
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Definition
| Most often used to fight basement fires |
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Term
| “provide personnel for the rescue of members operating at emergency incidents" |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| may choose to assume command from the original IC and take responsibility for all on-scene operations |
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Term
| Unless otherwise assigned, the second engine company must first make sure _____ has been established. |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| Built onto an engine to deliver elevated master streams |
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Term
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Definition
| Can deliver elevated master streams or perform rescue operations |
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Term
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Definition
| An apparatus that has a pump and an aerial ladder, lacking only an external water supply |
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Term
| Length of aerial ladders in North America |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Root, peat, and other partially decomposed organic matter that lie under the surface of ground |
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Term
| What is the “Finger” part of a wildland fire? |
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Definition
| Long narrow strips of fire extending from main fire |
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Term
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Definition
| Features such as canyons, ridges, ravines, and even large rock outcroppings that may alter airflow and cause turbulence or eddies, resulting in erratic fire behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| Suspended and upright fuels that are physically separated from the ground‘s surface |
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Term
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Definition
| Area where the fire started, and the point from which it spreads. |
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Term
| What do you do before breaching walls that have gas piping or electrical supply? |
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Definition
| Check with incident commander |
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Term
| If vision is reduced, how should you feel for an electrical component? |
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Definition
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Term
| Firefighters should be aware of which of the following from a drug operation? |
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Definition
| Illegal and unsafe electrical panels. |
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Term
| What should you be aware of when shutting of power to a building with a back up generator? |
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Definition
| The generator re-supplying the building with electrical power |
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Term
| What kind of water stream should you use on a energized electrical fire? |
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Definition
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