Term
| amphetamine (Benzedrine, Biphetamine, Adderal) |
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Definition
| used to tx ADHD; has greater effect in CNS |
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Term
| d-amphetamine (Dexedrine, Biphetamine, Adderal) |
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Definition
| used to tx ADHD; racemic mixture that has greater effect in CNS |
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Term
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Definition
| prodrug; moderate rate of conversion to main form limits abuse potential |
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Term
| methamphetamine (Desoxyn, "speed", "crank", "ice") |
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Definition
| has methyl group that makes drug resistant to metabolism by MAO & increases its lipid solubility; produces very intense effects in CNS & is widely abused; crystalline form is smokeable |
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Term
| methylphenidate (Ritalin) |
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Definition
| similar to amphetamines; tx of ADHD in children - paradoxical effect of amphetamine, stimulates areas of brain like locus ceruleus enable child to focus attention |
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Term
| cathinone (Khat, "Kat", "Cat") |
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Definition
| found in leaves of khat plant indigenous to Eastern Africa & Mid East; chewing is common in those regions |
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Term
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Definition
| natural product found in herbal preps; used as sympathomimetic agent in varous OTC pep pills |
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Term
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Definition
| newer drug approved for tx of narcolepsy |
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Term
| Pharmacologic Effects of Amphetamine & Methamphetamine |
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Definition
| CNS: stimulation - increased levels of arousal & wakefulness, euphoria - well-being & confidence, delay of "Fatigue-Induced" decline in performance, tolerance & dependence, rebound effects (crashing), amphetamine psychosis, suppression of appetite; Peripheral: autonomic - HTN, tachycardia, arrhythmias, mydriasis; metabolic - decreased food intake, malnutrition |
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Term
| Toxicity of Amphetamine & Methamphetamine |
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Definition
| sympathomimetics - CV system (HTN, tachycardia, arrhythmias, sudden death); CNS - excessive stimulation, hostility, aggression, psychotic rxns (amphetamine psychosis), tactile hallucinations (Formication) |
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Term
| Mode of Action of Amphetamine, Methamphetamine |
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Definition
| enhanced release & inhibition of uptake of NE & DA; possible direct stimulation of alpha receptors; decreased levels of DA in reward centers of brain |
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Term
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Definition
| tx of ADHD, narcolepsy, obesity & weight reduction, stimulants, abuse |
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Term
| Pharmacokinetics of Cocaine |
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Definition
| derived from coca plants to mountains of Peru & Columbia; PK: HCl salt - water soluble, absorbed thru mucous membranes ("snorted"), dissolve for IV use; "Crack" form - inhalation of lipid soluble free base forms via smoking; Metabolized in blood by psuedocholinesterases & by liver; when used in combo with EtOH --> long-acting active metabolite formed --> prolongs drug effects |
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Term
| Pharmacological Effects of Cocaine |
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Definition
| local anesthetic (vasoconstriction); CNS - stimulation, increased arousal, euphoria/dysphoria, increased confidence & social activity, POWERFUL REINFORCER, tolerance & dependnce; Peripheral: autonomic - HTN, tachycardia, arrhythmias, suddend death, mydriasis; Teratogenic effects; Deterioration & perforation of nasal septum due to chronic snorting; lung damage & pulmonary edema from smoking; AIDs, Hepatitis from IV use |
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Term
| Cocaine Withdrawal Syndrome |
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Definition
| lethargy, fatigue, & depression; craving for drug; drowsiness, poor concentration, anhedonia, irritability, hostility |
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Term
| Pharmacologic Effects of Caffeine |
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Definition
| CNS - cortical stimulation; increased mental alertness & improvement in some types of mental fcn; respiratory stimulation; tolerance & dependence; Peripheral: cardiac stimulation, vascular effects - peripheral & renal dilation & cerebral constriction, relaxation of bronchioles, stimulatoin of gastric secretion |
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Term
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Definition
| naturally occurring compound found in coffee, tea, & cocoa plants; used in variety of beverages & some use medicinally; sometimes used to treat apnea in preterm infants |
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Term
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Definition
| used in tx of asthma; sometimes used to treat apnea in preterm infants |
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Term
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Definition
| used in tx of severe asthma |
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Term
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Definition
| excessive CNS stimulation which results in life-threatening seizures; Also, excessive cardiac stimulation, eventual cardiovascular collapse; Tx: symptomatic (anticonvulsants, antiarrhythmics) |
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Term
| Uses of Caffeine & its derivatives |
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Definition
| CNS stimulants (OTC energy formulations); asthma; in combo with NSAIDs for HA remedies; OTC diuretic; respiratory stimulant in preterm infants; in beverages |
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Term
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Definition
| potent convulsant used as rat poison; ANTAGONIST of GLYCINE RECEPTORs in spinal cord; removes post-synaptic inhibitory influences & leads to development of severe toxic seizures; Tx - symptomatic support + diazepam to control seizures |
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Term
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Definition
| released by Clostridium tetani during infection; produces generalized tetanus & tonic convulsions; acts by inhibiting RELEASE of GLYCINE from Renshaw cells in spinal cord; Tx: symptomatic support, diazepam for seizure control & appropriate antimicrobial therapy |
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