Term
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Definition
| condition in which hemoglobin concentration is below normal levels; Hct <41%, Hgb <13.5 g/dL in men; Hct <37%, Hgb <12g/dL in females |
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Term
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Definition
| without this element, the haem moiety of hemoglobin cannot be synthesized; results in smaller RBCs (microcytic, hypochromic) because they contain less hemoglobin |
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Term
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Definition
| conditions caused by deficiency in vitamin B12 (pernicicious) or folic acid (folate deficiency) |
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Term
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Definition
| most common cause of vitamin B12 deficiency; results as a consequence of lack of intrinsic factor secretion due to gastric mucosal atrophy |
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Term
| oral iron - ferrous sulfate, ferrous gluconate, ferrous fumarate |
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Definition
| MoA: component of hemoglobin, myoglobin, stored in ferritin or homosiderin; Uses: prevention & tx of iron deficiency anemias; Toxicity: GI irritation, nausea, vomiting, constipation, diarrhea, dark stools; D-D Interactions: eggs, milk, coffee, antacids, tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones, & tea all inhibit absorption; Vitamin C enhances absorption; Lethal dose: 200-250 mg/kg |
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Term
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Definition
| complex of ferric hydroxide & dextran; used IM or IV; complex dissociates & ferric iron is transported by ferritin & incorporated into hemoglobin & storage sites; ADRs: fatal analphylactic rnxs, hypersensitivity rxns, soreness & inflammation at injection site, brown skin discoloration; Uses: for anemic pts with iron deficiency that are unable to orally absorb Fe |
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Term
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Definition
| cofactor required for DNA synthesis; Uses: megoblastic anemias (sprue, pregnancy, nutritional anemias); Toxicities: C/I for pernicious anemia leading to neurologic complications, relatively nontoxic; Use ORAL or IV, IM; Recommended pregnancy daily dose: 0.4 mg/day --> reduces risk of neural tube defects |
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Term
| vitamin B12 - cyanocobalamin, hydroxocobalamin |
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Definition
| cofactor for: methylmalonyl-CoA mutase, methionine synthase; Uses: megaloblastic anemias (sprue, pregnancy, nutritional), pernicious anemias; Toxicities: Leber's dx (optic nerve atrophy), hypersensitivity (anaphylactic shock); Pregnancy dose: 2.2 ug/day; for Pernicious Anemia: use parenterally only, needs it ALL their life |
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Term
| epoetin alfa (Erythropoietin, EPO, Epogen, Procrit) |
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Definition
| Structure: recombinant glycoprotein (165 aa); MoA: growth & differentiation of stem cells into erythrocytes; Uses: anemias of chronic disease (renal, AZT-treated AIDS, cancer chemo pts); Toxicities: flulike sx, hypertension; IV or SC |
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Term
| filgrastim (G-CSF, Granulocytes Colony Stimulating Factor, Neupogen) |
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Definition
| Structure: recombinant glycoprotein (127 aa); MoA: growth & differentiation of stem cells of NEUTROPHIL lineage; Uses: chemotherapy induced neutropenia, bone marrow transplantation, HIV neutropenia; toxicities: Well Tolerated; IV |
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Term
| sargromostim (GM-CSF, Granulocyte Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor, Leukine) |
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Definition
| Structure: recombinant glycoprotein (127 aa); MoA: growth & differentiation of stem cells into GRANULOCYTES & MACROPHAGES; Uses: myeloid recovery in cancer pts, bone marrow transplantation; Toxicities: well tolerated; IV |
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Term
| oprelvekin (Interleukin 11, IL-11, Neumega) |
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Definition
| Structure: recombinant polypeptide (177 aa); MoA: growth & differentiation of stem cells into MEGAKARYOCYTES & PLATELETS; Uses: prevention of thrombocytopoenia in cancer pts; Toxicities: well tolerated; IV |
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Term
| deferoxamine mesylate (Desferal) |
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Definition
| used for iron overdose; chelates iron by forming a stable complex that prevents iron from entering into further chemical rxns; removed in urine, causing reddish urine color; |
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Term
| Recommended Dietary Allowances for Iron |
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Definition
| adult males: 10 mg; adult females: 15 mg; pregnancy: 30 mg/day; lactation: 15 mg |
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Term
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Definition
| folate levels below 5 ng/mL |
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Term
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Definition
| folate levels below 2 ng/mL |
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Term
| normal serum folate levels |
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Definition
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