Term
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Definition
| A standing dead tree at least 6 inches in diameter at breast height (dbh [4.5 feet above ground]) and at least 10 feet tall. |
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Term
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Definition
A living tree at least 6 inches dbh, at least 10 feet tall, and has at least one cavity.
Cavity – a hole, excavated or natural, with an entrance at least 2 inches in diameter. |
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Term
| What percent of forest birds are cavity nesters? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the five steps that cause tree cavities? |
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Definition
| Bark is broken, fungal spores take root, fungi release enzyme to break down cellulose, insects invade,birds go after insect |
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Term
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Definition
| Hard snags are standing dead hardwood trees such as oak and hickory |
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Term
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Definition
| Soft snags are standing dead softwood trees such as aspen |
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Term
| What is Snag Decay Class 1? |
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Definition
| Recently died, little decay, majority of bark remains, branches intact as well as top |
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Term
| What is Snag Decay Class 2? |
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Definition
Show some evidence of decay
Some bark is peeling and some has been lost
Some branches have been lost
Top sometimes missing |
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Term
| What is Snag Decay Class 3? |
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Definition
Bark missing
Most branches gone
Top gone |
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Term
| What is Snag Decay Class 4? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| How old is second growth? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many less cavities does second growth have than old? |
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Definition
| Roughly half the amount of old |
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Term
| What are good indicators of heart rot? |
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Definition
Fungal conks
Wounds or scars
Large amounts of dead wood (branches and tops)
Cavities |
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Term
| How high should trees be cut to make snags? |
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Definition
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Term
| How far out should branches be cut to make snags? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the dimensions for bat roosting cuts? |
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Definition
| 8 inches deep and 2 inches wide |
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Term
| What are some qualitative measurements for habitats? |
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Definition
| Nutrition composition, digestibility, palatability |
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Term
| What are quantitative measurements? |
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Definition
Species composition
Species abundance
Species frequency
Species density
Basal area
Foliage projection
Canopy coverage
Cover – horizontal and vertical
Visual obstruction
Herbaceous forage production |
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Term
| What are the levels of abundance? |
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Definition
Rare
Scarce
Infrequent
Common
Abundant |
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Term
| What is density for vegetation sampling? |
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Definition
| The proportion of ground covered by vegetation |
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Term
| Where are plants measured for basal coverage? |
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Definition
Grass and forb stems are measured 1 inch above the ground
Shrub and tree stems are measured 4.5 feet above the ground |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| How much of a silhoute must be covered for distance measurements? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three ways of weighing plant matter? |
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Definition
Green weight – freshly cut plants
Air-dry weight – dried in shade
Oven-dry weight – dried in oven at 200oF |
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Term
| What are public use priorities? |
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Definition
Hunting
Fishing
Wildlife Observation
Photography
Interpretation
Environmental Education |
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Term
| On middle Island, what was the desired deer population |
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Definition
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Term
| How much of the oringal floodplain forests remain? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the seven steps for adaptive management? |
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Definition
| Assess problem, Design, implement, monitor, evaluate, adjust |
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Term
| What are some key refuge resources? |
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Definition
Migratory Birds
Endangered Species
Tree-roosting Bats
Freshwater Mussels
Inter-jurisdictional Fish |
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Term
| What are 4 key refuge habitats? |
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Definition
| Floodplain forest, riverine open water, floodplain emergent wetlands, old fields |
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