Term
- Lookouts
- Communications
- Escape Routes
- Safety Zones
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Definition
What does LCES stand for? (p4) |
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Term
| firefighter safety fuels and terrain weather smoke column access routes fire barriers potential water sources |
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Definition
What are a few things to consider when en route to a fire? (p7) |
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Term
Parts of a Fire Terms:
Point of Origin |
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Definition
The precise location where a competent ignitioin source came into contact with the material first ignited and sustained combustion occurred.
s190 pg 1.3 |
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Term
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Definition
The side of the fire having the fastest rate of spread.
s190 pg 1.3 |
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Definition
The part of a fire's perimeter that is roughly parallel to the main direction of spread.
s190 pg 1.3 |
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Term
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Definition
That portion of a fire edge opposite the head.
Slowest spreading portion of a fire edge. Also called heel of a fire.
s190 pg 1.3 |
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Term
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Definition
The entire outer edge or boundary of a fire.
s190 pg 1.4 |
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Term
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Definition
The long narrow extensions of a fire projecting from the main body.
s190 pg 1.4 |
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Term
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Definition
Unburned indentations in the fire edge formed by fingers or slow burning areas.
s190 pg 1.4 |
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Term
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Definition
Area of unburned fuel insde the fire perimeter.
s190 pg 1.4 |
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Term
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Definition
| Fire ignited outside the perimeter of the main fire by a firebrand. |
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Term
Fire Behavior Terms;
Smoldering. |
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Definition
Fire burning without flame and barely spreading.
s190 pg 1.6 |
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Term
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Definition
Fire burning with a low flame and spreading slowly.
s190 pg 1.6 |
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Term
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Definition
Behaviour of a fire spreading rapidly with a well defined head.
s190 pg 1.6 |
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Term
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Definition
Behavior of a fire producing sparks or embers that are carried by the wind and which start new fires beyond the zone of diret ignition by the main fire.
s190 pg 1.6 |
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Term
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Definition
The burning of the foliage of a single tree or a small group of trees, from the bottom up.
s190 pg 1.6 |
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Term
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Definition
| A fire that advanced from top to top of trees or shrubs more or less independent of a surface fire. Are sometimes classed as running or dependent to distinguish the degree of independence from the surface fire. |
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Term
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Definition
Any sudden acceleration in the rate of spread or intensification of the fire. Unlike blowup, is of relatively short duration and does not change existing control plans.
s190 pg 1.7 |
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Term
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Definition
Spinning vortex column of ascending hot air and gases rising from a fire and carrying aloft smoke, debris, and flame. Range in size from less than one foot to over 500 feet in diameter, Large ones have the intensity of a small tornado.
s190 pg 1.7 |
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Term
Firefighting Terms:
Anchor point. |
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Definition
An advantageous location, usually a barrier to fire spread, from which to start constructing a fireline. Used to minimize the chance of being flanked by the fire while the line is being constucted.
s190 pg 1.8 |
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Term
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Definition
An inclusive term for all constructed or natural barriers and treated fire edges used to contain a fire.
s190 pg 1.8 |
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Term
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Definition
The part of a containment or control line that is scraped or dug to mineral soil.
s190 pg 1.8 |
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Term
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Definition
Extinguishing or removing burning material near control lines, felling snags, and trenching logs to prevent rolling after an area has burned, to make a fire safe, or to reduce residual smoke.
s190 pg 1.8 |
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Definition
| The status of a wildfire suppression action signifying that a control line has been completed around the fire, and any associated spot fires, which can reasonably be expected to stop the fire's spread. |
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Term
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Definition
The completion of control line around a fire, any spot fires, and any interior islands to be saved.
Burn out any unburned area adjacent to the fire side of the control lines.
Cool down all hot spots that are immediate threats to the control line, until the lines can reasonably be expected to hold under the foreseeable conditions.
s190 pg 1.9 |
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Term
Radiation, Convection, Conduction
s190 pg 1.10 |
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Definition
| What are three methods of heat transfer? |
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Term
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Definition
| What's the least important of the 3 methods of Heat Transfer? |
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Term
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Definition
Fight fire aggressively but providing for safety first.
Initiate all actions based on current and expected fire behavior.
Recognize current weather conditions and obtain forecast.
Ensure instructions are given and understood.
Obtain current information on fire status.
Remain in communication with crew members, you supervisor and ajoining forces.
Determine safety zones and escape routes.
Establish lookouts in potentially hazardous situations.
Retain control at all times.
Stay alert, keep calm, think clearly and act decisively.
wildland sup tactics ref pg 2 |
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Term
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Definition
| An attack made directly on the fire's edge or perimeter. (p16) |
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Term
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Definition
| attack made by constructing a fireline parallel to, but further from, the fire edge than in direct attack. This attack may shorten fireline construction by cutting across unburned fingers. (p17) |
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Term
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Definition
attack accomplished by building a fireline some distance from the fire edge and backfiring the unburned fuel between the fireline and the fire edge.
Takes advantage of using natural and human-made barriers as fireline and allows a choice of timing for backfiring.
Used on hot fires with high rates of spread
(p17) |
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Term
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Definition
a technique to attack a fire where it is most likely to escape or stop hotter burning portions.
Can be used to cool hot portions of a fire and allow firefighters more time to construct fireline or cool certain portions of a fire to prevent it from making a run.
(p19) |
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Term
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Definition
the method of using the extinguished edge of a fire as the fireline
(p23) |
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Term
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Definition
| when constructing fireline on a ridgetop locate the fireline on the ______________ of the ridge (p24) |
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Term
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Definition
| when constructing fireline in the bottom of a canyon locate line on the ____________ to prevent underslug line and the need for cup trenching (p24) |
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Term
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Definition
| Locate fireline far enough away from burning _______ to enclose them if they fall over or are cut down (p25) |
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Term
| yellow and black striped flagging |
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Definition
| what color of flag is used in hazards such as bees, hornets, wasps, and/or snags? (p28) |
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Term
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Definition
| What color of flagging identifies escape routes and safety zones? (p28) |
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Term
| underslug or undercut fireline |
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Definition
| What is fireline that is constructed accross a slope below the fire called? (p31) |
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Term
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Definition
| A general guideline for determining the width of a fireline is that is should be _______________ as wide as the dominate fuel is high (p35) |
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Term
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Definition
| The scraped portion of a fireline is generally ___ to _____ feet wide |
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Term
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Definition
| In timber a fireline is generally ____ to ____ feet wide with a three to four foot scrape (35) |
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Term
Any burnable material.
s190 pg 2B.3 |
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Definition
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Term
Fuel type
Fuel loading
Fuel availability
s190 pg 2B.3 |
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Definition
| Fire behavior is dependent on what 3 fuel characteristics? |
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Term
-Ground (duff, tree roots).
-Surface (Needles or leaves, grass, stumps, low shrubs).
-Ladder (materials that aid the spread of fire from the surface to the upper canopy).
-Aerial (Tree branches and crowns, Snags, top of trees).
s190 pg 2B.9 |
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Definition
| What is the veritcal arrangement of fuels? |
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Term
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Definition
| The (higher or lower) the Surface-area-to-volume ratio the easier the fuel will burn. |
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Term
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Definition
Is the degreee of hotness or coldness of the air.
s190 pg 2C.4 |
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Term
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Definition
Is the amount of moisture in the air divided by the amount the air could hold when satruated at the same air timperature; unsually expressed in percent.
1% (very dry) to 100% (very moist) |
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Term
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Definition
| For every 10 degree increase in Tempurature, (RH) Relative Humitity will decrease by _______? |
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Term
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Definition
| An atmosphere that resists upward motion. |
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Term
-Cloud in layers.
-Stratus type clouds.
-Smoke column drifts apart after limited rise.
-Poor visibility due to smoke or haze.
-Fog layers.
-Steady winds.
s190 pg 2C.10 |
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Definition
| Stable Atmosphere indicators are? |
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Term
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Definition
A structure layer of stable condition where temperature increases with altitude, ( Warm air/cold air ).
-Under, fuel moisture content is usually higher, thus decreasing fire spread rates and intensities.
s190 pg 2C.10 |
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Term
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Definition
An Atmosphere that encourages upward motion.
( Cold air / Warm air ) |
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Term
- Clouds grow vertically and smoke rises to great heights
-Cumulus clouds
-Good visiblity
-Gusty winds
-Dust devils and firewhirls
s190 pg 2C.13 |
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Definition
| What are some unstable Atmosphere Indicators? |
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Term
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Definition
the horizontal movement of air relative to the surface of the earth.
s190 pg 2C.15 |
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Term
- Increasing the supply of oxygen to the fire.
- Determining the direction of fire spread.
- Increasing the drying of the fuels.
- Carrying sparks and firebrands ahead of the main fire causing new spot fires.
s190 pg 2C.15 |
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Definition
| How does wind impact the fire environment? |
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Term
| the direction FROM which the wind is blowing ( a north wind means the wind is blowing from the north) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| wetting agents that reduce the surface tension of water which improves its wetting, penetrating, and spreading ability. |
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Term
| Name several tactical uses of engines in direct attack? |
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Definition
- Mobile
- tandem
- pincer
- envelopment
- inside out
- stationary |
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Term
| Name the 3 kinds of wildland/urban interfaces? |
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Definition
1. Mixed interface - occurs when structures are scattered over a large wildland area.
2. Occluded interfaces - are isolated areas of wildland within an urban area.
3. Classic interface - is found when many structures, often on small lots, border wildlands on a broad front. |
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