Term
| What are the components of a physical examination? |
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Definition
1. general appearance
2. vital signs
3. extraoral head and neck examination |
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Term
| What 7 things do you observe when your patient first comes into the office? |
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Definition
1. stature
2. emotional state
3. personal hygiene
4. skin condition
5. Gait/mobility/Posture
6. Speech
7. Mental Status |
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Term
| What are the components of a head and neck examination? |
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Definition
-head and face
-eyes, ears & nose
- Lymph nodes
-Neck (thyroid)
-Salivary glands
- Muscles
-TMJ |
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Term
| When examining the head and face what are you looking for? |
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Definition
-Bilateral Symmetry
-Look for skin changes
(squamous cell and basal cell skin cancers)
(Benign moles)
-Erythema (grouped flakey blisters)
-Hyperkeratinization
-Petchiae
-Cyanosis
-Alopecia or hirutism |
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Term
| When we look at the eyes for an examination what are we looking for? |
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Definition
- different size pupils
-Exophthalmus
-drooping eyelids
-changes in color of the Sclera(red or yellowing) |
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Term
| When we examin a patients ears what are we looking for? |
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Definition
| we look at the outter part of the ear's skin to note any changes that could be skin cancer. |
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Term
| What is graves disease a reaction to? What does hypothyroidism cause? |
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Definition
-an over production of the thyroid hormone. Causes an bulging eyes.(hyperthyroid)
-hypo causes enlarged thyroid |
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Term
| what do Salivary glands do? |
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Definition
| Produce Saliva and release it into the mouth through ducts. |
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Term
| what are the 3 main Salivary Glands? |
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Definition
1. Parotid
2. Submandibular
3. Sublingual |
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Term
| How much Saliva does the Sunlingual Gland Produce? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are 3 reasons why Salivary glands may become irritated? |
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Definition
1. Mumps may enlarge the salivary and parotid gland.
2.Salivary Stones black the ducts
3. Tumors |
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Term
| How many Lymph nodes are in the body? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many Lymph nodes are in the neck? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where are the major head lymph nodes located? |
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Definition
| Anterior and posterior of the neck and under the chin. |
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Term
| what size are lymph nodes? |
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Definition
| range from the head of a pin to the size of a Bean. |
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Term
| What happens to Lymph nodes when there is a inflammatory condition or cancer? |
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Definition
| they become enlarged when infected. |
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Term
| With a virus present the Lymph nodes may enlarge, how much will they grow? |
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Definition
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Term
| How much will a lymph node grow when a Bacteria is present in the body? |
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Definition
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Term
| With cancer present in the body will enlarged lymph nodes hurt? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a key way cancer transports through the entire body? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does a normal Lymph node feel? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does a infected Lymph node feel? |
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Definition
Firm
enlarged
tender
freely movable
swollen grape |
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Term
| Where are the locations of the strands of Lymph nodes in the head and neck? (8) |
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Definition
1. Pre and post Auricular
2. Occipital
3. Anterior Cervical(superfical&Deep)
4. Posterior Cervical
5. Tonsillar
6. sunmandibular
7. submental
8. supraclavicular |
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Term
| When Palpating the neck muscles what should you observe? |
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Definition
pain
enlargement
change in texture
head position
Facial expression |
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Term
These symptoms may indicate what?
-infection or inflammation of the face
-Parafunctional habits
-Neoplasia
-Neuromuscular Damage (Bell's Palsy) |
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Definition
| That the head and neck muscles are not functioning properly or they have been effected. |
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Term
| what is a main muscle on the neck that we look at and palpate for changes? |
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Definition
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Term
| A palpation of the bones may tell us what about a patient? |
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Definition
That they have swelling due to:
-infection
-Breast cancer Metastasis(angle of mandible) |
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Term
| A palpation of the Thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage and Tracheal rings identifies what? |
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Definition
| Abnormal growths and the site for an emergency Tracheotomy. |
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Term
|
Definition
| the temporomandibular Joint |
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Term
| what does the TMJ connect? |
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Definition
| the mandible to the skull |
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Term
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Definition
| Temporomandiblar Joint Disease |
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Term
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Definition
Jaw popping (Crepitus)
headaches
earaches
facial pain |
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Term
| how do you palpate for the TMJ function? |
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Definition
| place index fingers bilaterally to the TMJ (infront of ear), ask patient to open mouth and feel for popping or grinding of the joint. |
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Term
| The Thyroid gland hormone controls what? |
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Definition
| the body's metabolic rate |
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Term
| where is the Thyroid gland? |
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Definition
| Middle of lower neck over trachea |
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Term
| what is the thyroid gland shaped like? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are we checking for when we palpate the thyroid gland? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is an enlarged thyroid gland called? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the sequence of a clinical Head and neck Examination? (3) |
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Definition
Inspection
Palpation
Auscultation |
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Term
| Go through the peak Procedure with a Patient. |
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Definition
1. Inspect skin and symmetry of the face and neck
2. Position Patient in upright position
3. remove eye glasses
4. explain procedure to patient
5. Inspect head, scalp and ears from behind patien
6. Ask patient to lift hair to see the neck clearly
7. palpate hairline, start at the midline of the neck |
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Term
| what kind of motions should you use to Palpate? |
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Definition
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Term
| When we Palpate what are we Generally looking for? |
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Definition
Lump
swelling
raised knob
freely movable node
fixed nodule
asymmetry
irregular shape
firm or hard consistency
tender areas
red or discolored areas
wound, bruise, scar |
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Term
| what fingers should you use to Palpate? |
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Definition
| fingertips of the middle 3 fingers. |
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Term
| What is a bidigital palpation? |
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Definition
| compressing tissue between finger and thumb (same hand) |
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Term
| what is bimanual palpation? |
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Definition
| use index finger intraorally and use other hands fingers to compress tissue extraorally |
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Term
| what does the effectiveness of this technique depend on? |
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Definition
consistency
correct palpation technique
careful documentation |
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Term
| what is incorrect palpation? |
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Definition
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Term
| How should you palpate for lymph nodes? |
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Definition
| use all 4 finger pads to apply pressure and steadily move down the area in question. |
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Term
| how to palpate for lymph nodes under the chin? |
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Definition
| use fingers to compress tissue against underlying tissue then gently roll the skin forward over the mandible border. |
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Term
| how to palpate submental nodes? |
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Definition
| compress tissue against underlying tissue and move in circular motions. |
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Term
| How to palpate for anterior and posterior cervical lymph nodes? |
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Definition
| stand behind patient, tip chin down and let it rest in your hand, grasp muscle between fingertips and thumb and palpate down the whole muscle. |
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Term
| How to palpate for subclavicular lymph nodes? |
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Definition
| ask patient to tip chin down, stand to the side and palpate above the clavicle |
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Term
| How to Palpate the Parotid gland? |
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Definition
| patients head is upright, use circular compressing motions to palpate the entire cheek |
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Term
| how to palpate the Submandibular Glands? |
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Definition
| have patient press tongue to roof of him mouth (with mouth closed) and use bilateral compressions to palpate the submandibular glands. |
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Term
| When Evaluating the TMJ from the front what are you looking for? |
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Definition
| if the patient moves there jaw from side to side or forward(protrudes) as they open and close. |
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Term
| How to Palpate for the Trachea? |
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Definition
| Locate the Thyroid Cartilage by having the patient swallow, then stand behind patient and with both hands move slightly below the cartilage and the thyroid gland to feel the trachea. |
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Term
| How to palpate for the thyroid gland? |
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Definition
| Feel down the neck till you first locate the Thyroid cartilage, then move down till you feel the first ring of the trachea. Between these two structures is the mid-line, slide down till you feel the 2nd trachea ring. Take both hands and move them laterally between the mid-line and the 2nd ring This is where you will gently palpate for the Thyroid gland |
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Term
| What Basically does an extra-oral examination do? |
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Definition
| it complements the medical history and may provide additional information. |
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