Term
| what percentage of oralpharyngeal cancers are caused by HPV? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are a few things that can increase oral cancer? |
|
Definition
-aging
-exposure to sunlight
- Tobacco and excessive alcohol consumption |
|
|
Term
| what is the risk of a constant drinker/smoker of contracting oral cancer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many cases of oral cancer were diagnosed in 2012? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| name a few reported symptoms of oral cancer. |
|
Definition
-soreness
-lump or thickening
-numbness
-hoarseness
-feeling as if something is caught in throat
-difficulty chewing or swallowing
-ear pain
-difficulty moving jaw or tongue
-jaw swelling that causes ill-fitting dentures |
|
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Term
| what Barrier should you place before proceeding with the Internal Examination? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| what do you do from start to finish for a Internal Examination? (5) |
|
Definition
1. Pre procedural rinse
2. place patient in supine position
3. Evaluate for variations of norm and pathology
4. Observe, palpate
5. Documentation
(Within normal limits & Describe) |
|
|
Term
| How would you describe an oral lesion? (5) |
|
Definition
1. Size
2. Color
3. Morphology
(shape, regular or irregular, soft, firm or hard, smooth, crusted, depressed or elevated, corrugated-ruff pattern surface)
4. Location
5. History/Duration |
|
|
Term
| What systems are composed in the Intraoral Examination (IE)? |
|
Definition
-Lips and Labial Mucosa
-Buccal mucosa and Vestibular folds
-Alveolar Process (Tuberosity &Retromolar pad)
-Floor of the mouth (salivary function)
-Tongue
-Hard and soft palate
-Oropharynx and palatine tonsils |
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What can affect the Vermillion border? |
|
Definition
-Obscured with an increase in age
-chronic sun-induced changes |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| extends from the nose to vermillion border of upper lip. |
|
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Term
| What is the Tubercle of the lip? |
|
Definition
| thickened area where the philtrum ends on the upper lip. |
|
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Term
| What are the commissures? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What technique is used for palpations? |
|
Definition
| Bidigital palpation technique |
|
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Term
| What should you do before you start to Palpate to help prevent discomfort for the patient? |
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Definition
| Look in the mouth for ulcers or sores. |
|
|
Term
| What qualities do normal lips have? |
|
Definition
-lightly touching at rest
-smooth intact surface
-normal color
-smooth texture
-even vermillion border |
|
|
Term
| What are some variations of normal lips? |
|
Definition
-fissures, cracks, crust
-variation in color
-commissure pits
-irregular Vermillion border
-cheilosis (cracking at commissures)
-Herpetic Lesions-vesicles
-Swelling, trauma
-Petechiae (pin point hemorrhage)
-Caliculi Angularis (hard small nodules under commissure tissue) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| is a slightly raised bump on the labial Frenum, less than 1mm. |
|
|
Term
| What are Variations from normal on the Labial Mucosa? |
|
Definition
-Lumpy texture on the Labial mucosa due to accessory salivary glands (fluid filled lesions)
-Petechiae |
|
|
Term
| What are variations from normal on the Frenum? |
|
Definition
-Papules on Maxillary labial frenum
-short Frenal attachments
-change in color or texture |
|
|
Term
| What glad does Stensen's duct lead to? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What duct is commonly miss judged as a papule? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What technique is used for examining the Buccal Mucosa? |
|
Definition
-Visual inspection
-Bimanual or Bidigital palpation
(overlapping palpations with thumb and index finger) |
|
|
Term
| What does normal Buccal Mucosa look like? |
|
Definition
| Pink color with a smooth surface |
|
|
Term
| What are some variations from normal of Buccal Mucosa? |
|
Definition
-Changes in color
-changes in texture
-lesions
-swelling
-obstructed saliva
-hard lumps
-short frenum |
|
|
Term
| What are 4 types of specific variations from normal Buccal mucosa? |
|
Definition
1. Fordyce Granules(oil glands)
2. Leukoedema (filmy white translucency)
3. Linea Alba (calloused line)
4. Petechiae-tiny red spots |
|
|
Term
| What is the maxillary tuberosity? |
|
Definition
| Maxillary alveolar process distal to the terminal molar |
|
|
Term
| what is the Reteromolar pad? |
|
Definition
| Alveolar process consisting of a dense pad of tissue distal to last mandibular molar. |
|
|
Term
| What is a common variation from normal to happen to the retromolar pad? |
|
Definition
| Karitinized tissue- white and calloused. |
|
|
Term
| What should a normal Alveolar Process look like? |
|
Definition
| smooth surface with a pink color pigmentation. |
|
|
Term
| What are some variations from a normal facial and lingual alveolar process? |
|
Definition
- Change in color
-change in texture
- change in shape (Tori & Exostoses)
-Swelling
-lesions |
|
|
Term
| What technique would you use to Palpate the floor of the mouth? |
|
Definition
| Visual inspection and Bimanual Palpation (Palpate by placing one finger int eh mouth and the other under the chin.) |
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|
Term
| What structures should you note (see) when palpating the floor of the mouth? |
|
Definition
-Wharton's Duct
- Lingual Viens
-Lingual Frenum
-Sublingual fold
-Lingual Vestible |
|
|
Term
| Where is the Duct of Revinus? |
|
Definition
| it is a sublingual gland on the sublingual fold. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Sublingual Frenulum
Sublingual Caruncle
Sublingual Viens |
|
|
Term
| What are a few variations from normal in the Sublingual region? |
|
Definition
-Changes in color
-Lesions
-Swelling |
|
|
Term
| What is it called when a patient does not have enough salivary glad flow? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the 2 surfaces of the tongue? |
|
Definition
| Ventral(bottom) and Dorsal(top) |
|
|
Term
| What are the structures located on the Dorsal side of the tongue? |
|
Definition
-Papillae
-Median lingual Sulcus or midline depression
-Foramen Cecum |
|
|
Term
| What are the structures located on the ventral surface on the tongue? |
|
Definition
-Lingual viens
-Plica Fimbriata
-Lingual frenum |
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 types of papilla on the tongue? |
|
Definition
1. Filliform
2.Fungiform
3.Foliate
4.Circumvalliate |
|
|
Term
| What technique is used to look at the tongue? |
|
Definition
Visual: pt. place tip of tongue on roof of the mouth
Bidigital: grasp tongue with damp gauze and gently pull forward and side to side.
Palpate: with index finger and thumb |
|
|
Term
| What characteristics does a normal tongue have? |
|
Definition
-Moist, pink, freckled pigmentation
-symmetrical
-lingual veins on ventral surface
-medial groove on dorsum
-3 types of papillae on dorsum
-Foliate papillae on lateral surface |
|
|
Term
| What are some variations from normal on the tongue? |
|
Definition
-ulceration
-lesions
-swelling
-variation in color
- black, hairy
-variation in texture
- Asymmetrical shape
- dry mouth
-denuded
-fissured
- geographic
-macroglossia (large tongue)
-Ankyloglossia (Ling. Frenum at tongue tip)
-Scalloped edges
increased Vascularity |
|
|
Term
| What is a Geographic tongue? |
|
Definition
| Loss of Papillae in areas of the tongue, smooth patches give the tongue a map-like or geographic appearance |
|
|
Term
| What is Median rhomboid glassitis? |
|
Definition
| Associated with poor oral hygiene, tobacco use, Candidiasis |
|
|
Term
| What is a strawberry tongue? |
|
Definition
| No visible Filliform Papillae, Associated with Strep. |
|
|
Term
| What should be seen when examining the hard Palate? |
|
Definition
-Incisive or Nasopalatine Papilla
-Midline medial Palatine raphe
-Palatine Rugae
-Palatine Foveo (depressions from minor salivary glands) |
|
|
Term
| What should you be able to clearly see on the soft palate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How should you Palpate the hard palate? |
|
Definition
| From side to side (left and right) |
|
|
Term
| What does a normal hard&soft Palate look like? |
|
Definition
-pale pink color
-palatine raphae and rugae
-Firm
-Palatine torus
-Soft palate symmetrical
-Uvula at midline |
|
|
Term
| Varations from normal on the hard/soft Palate? |
|
Definition
-swelling
-lesions
-tumors
-cleft palate
-changes in color
-changes in texture
-Petechiae
-Ulcerations |
|
|
Term
| What variation from normal on the hard palate do 20% of the population have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 2 structural variations from normal on the hard and soft palate? |
|
Definition
| Tori & Deviated/Bifid Uvula |
|
|
Term
| What are some structures of the Oropharynx and Palatine Tonsils? |
|
Definition
-Palatoglossal arch or Fold (anterior)
-Palatine tonsils
-Palatophryngeal arch or fold(posterior)
-Posterior Wall |
|
|
Term
| What Technique is used to examin the back of the throat? |
|
Definition
-Have Pt. say AHH
-Have Pt. Breath through mouth while its open.
-Deep AHHHHHHHH
-Press mirror on tongue to see. |
|
|
Term
| What do normal tonsils look like? |
|
Definition
-pink color
-soft palate symmetrical
-Absent, small, or large tonsils |
|
|
Term
| Variations from normal Tonsils? |
|
Definition
-Inflamed or enlarged tonsils
-Lesions on tonsils
-red or sore throat
-change in color (while lesions) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| imbedded particles with in the Tonsils. AKA "tonsil stones" |
|
|
Term
| What external signs would a clinician see for sleep apnea patients? |
|
Definition
-obesity
-large neck size
-tiredness
-headaches in morning
-retrognathic profile |
|
|
Term
| What Dental professional commonly would use a sleep apnea charting scale? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are a few dental symptoms of sleep apnea? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How much is visible in a class 1 Sleep Apnea patient? |
|
Definition
| Tonsils, Uvula, Soft and Hard Palate |
|
|
Term
| How much is visible in a class 2 Sleep Apnea patient? |
|
Definition
| Uvula, Soft and Hard Palate |
|
|
Term
| How much is visible in a class 3 Sleep Apnea patient? |
|
Definition
| Base of Uvula, Soft and Hard Palate |
|
|
Term
| How much is visible in a class 4 Sleep Apnea patient? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some Oral manifestions of common medications? |
|
Definition
- Candidiasis
- Dysgeusia
- Gingival hyperplasia
- Erythema Multiforme
- increase gag reflex
- Lechenoid drug rxn
- mouth uncerations/stomatitis
- Oral Paresthesia
- Mucositis
- Reflux
- Xerostomia |
|
|
Term
| What is Erythema Multiforme? |
|
Definition
| type of hypersensitivity reaction occured as a response to medications, infections, or illness. |
|
|
Term
| What are the symptoms of Erythema Multiforme? |
|
Definition
Multiple large blisters that group together then peel away the tissue and mucous membranes
-itching, fever, general malaise |
|
|
Term
| What are some medications associated with Erythema Multiforme? |
|
Definition
| Antibiotics, Barbiturates, and Anti-convulsant drugs(Dilantin) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What can cause Xerostomia? |
|
Definition
-over 400 medications
-Head and neck radiation
-Sjogren's syndrome |
|
|
Term
| What are the symptoms of Xerostomia? |
|
Definition
- Sticky, dry feeling in the mouth, tongue and throat
- trouble chewing, swallowing, tasting or speaking
-burning feeling in the mouth
-cracked lips
- mouth sores
- more prone to infections such as candidiasis. |
|
|
Term
| What are the signs and symptoms for a Lichenoid Drug Reaction? |
|
Definition
-Oral Lesions resembling white spider webs
-Lesions are located on Buccal Mucosa |
|
|
Term
| What are 3 common meds associated with Lichenoid drug reactions? |
|
Definition
-NSAIDs
-Diuretics
-ACE inhibitors |
|
|
Term
| What does Gingival Hyperplasia look like? |
|
Definition
| Enlarged gingiva, primarily on the labial gingiva and interdental papillae. |
|
|
Term
| What dental problem goes along with Gingiva Hyperplasia? |
|
Definition
| Inadequate plaque control (must have great home care) |
|
|
Term
| What meds can cause Gingival Hyperplasia? |
|
Definition
-Anti Conculsants: Dilantin
-HTN meds: Calcium Channel Blockers
-Immunosuppressant meds: Cyclosporine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inflammation of mucous membranes in the mouth. |
|
|
Term
| What does Mucositis look like? |
|
Definition
| Red, burn-like sores or as ulcer-like sores throughout the mouth. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inflammation of tissues in the mouth. (including infections of mucous membranes, mucositis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inflammation of the esophagus. |
|
|
Term
| What can cause Stomatitis/Mucositits/ and Esophagitis? |
|
Definition
-Mechanical trauma
-Irritants
-Allergy
-Vitamin deficiency
-infection
-Medications (chemotherapy, immunosuppressants) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Taste abnormalities: Loss of taste acuity, Metallic taste |
|
|
Term
| What can cause Dysgeusia? |
|
Definition
-Infection such as colds, flu, sinusitis or strep
-Xerostomia
-Aging
-Heavy Smoking
-Vitamin B12 or ZINC deficiency
-Side effects of drugs |
|
|
Term
| What Assists in the production of taste buds? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An infection of the mouth with Fungus Candida Albicans. |
|
|
Term
| What can increase your risk for Candidiasis? |
|
Definition
-Illness
-Stress
-Long term use of immune system suppressants
-immune disorders
-associated with use of Antibiotics
-uncontrolled diabetes Mellitus
-Hormonal changes associated with pregnancy. |
|
|
Term
| What Causes a Black Hairy Tongue? |
|
Definition
| An overgrowth of bacteria that accumulate on the hairlike papillae. |
|
|
Term
| Why Black and why Hairy Looking? |
|
Definition
The Black is caused by the bacteria and yeasts red blood cell pigments.
The Hairy look is due to the papillae's Growth. |
|
|
Term
| What medications implicated can cause a Black Hairy tongue? |
|
Definition
-Antibiotic Treatment, which changes the normal bacterial population
-Use of medications containing bismuth such as Pepto-Bismol. |
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