Term
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Definition
| The study of embryos. Provides evidence for evooltuion b/c we see different classes of animals (fish, reptiles, birds, mammals) all sharing similarities. |
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Term
| All vertebrate embryos have what? |
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Definition
| Gill slits on sides of the throat (pharyngeal pouches), post anal tail, limb buds. |
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Term
| What are Vestigial Structures/Organs? |
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Definition
| Vestigial structures are remains of a structure that was funtional in some ancestors but is no longer functional in the organism in question. |
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Term
| Examples of Vestigial Structures/Organs: |
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Definition
| Pelvis bones in snakes, reduced toe in horses, appendix in human, leg bones in whales, coccyx in humans |
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Term
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Definition
| Similar function but different structure. |
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Term
| Example of analogous structures: |
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Definition
Insect's wing and bird's wing;
Trunk of elephant and proboscis of insect |
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Term
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Definition
| Similar structure but different function |
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Term
| Examples of homologous structures: |
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Definition
| Humerus, Ulna, and Radius have all been modified by mammals, birds, and reptile species |
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Term
| What are some characteristic of a homologous structure? |
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Definition
| Inherited from a common ancestor. Similar structure but different function. |
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Term
| Homologous structures arise from _______ evolution. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| two or more species evolve from a common ancestor and become increasingly different over time; one ancestral line gives rise to two distinct lines. |
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Term
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Definition
| Inherited from unique ancestors and have come to resemble each other because they serve a similar function. Similar function but different structure. |
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Term
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Definition
| Two species have similar features because they occupy similar habitats and roles in that habitat (niches). They look similar, even though they have different ancestors. |
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Term
| What are the three basic biochemical molecules that all living organisms use? |
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Definition
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Term
| Organisms utilize the same _____ triplet code and the same ____(#) amino acids in their proteins. |
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Definition
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Term
| What can we infer about the fact that all living organisms use the same basic biochemical molecules DNA, ATP, and enzymes? |
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Definition
| They are all from a common ancestor. |
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Term
| Why is biogeography evidence for evolution? |
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Definition
| Organisms that live in the same area share more similarities with each other and with the fossils in that same area. This suggests that modern organisms evolved from those fossils. |
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Term
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Definition
| The study of the geographic distribution of life forms on earth. |
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Term
| What is the study of how location (environment) affects populations? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is geographic Isolation? |
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Definition
| Land barriers prevent species from reproducing. |
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Term
| What is is called when land barriers prevent species from reproducing? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is Reproductive Isolation? |
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Definition
| Something that prevents the exchange of genes between populations who used to interbreed before. (geography, physical differences, or timing) |
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Term
| What are some examples of things that could cause reproductive isolation? |
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Definition
| Geography, physical differences, or timing of breeding |
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Term
| What could be one of the first steps leading to the formation of a new species? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The accumulation of differences between groups of a species, leads to the formation of a new species within a population |
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Term
| What is the accumulaton of differences between groups of a species that leads to the formation of a new species? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is Divergent evolution? |
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Definition
| two or more species evolved from a common ancestor |
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Term
| What is Adaptive Radiation? |
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Definition
| Rapid divergent evolution (ex. Hawaiin Islands, Galapagos Islands) |
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Term
| How are the Galapagos Islands and the organisms there an example of ADAPTIVE RADIATION? |
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Definition
| Ancestors of the species on the different islands migrated to the islands and changed once they got there. |
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Term
| How are the Hawaiian Islands an example of ADAPTIVE RADIATION? |
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Definition
| The Hawaiian Honeycreepers evolved and now have different beak shapes and there are now 43 different species of them. |
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Term
| What are the squirrels with different tails on different sides of the Grand Canyon an example of? |
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Definition
| Speciation due to reproductive isolation |
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Term
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Definition
| Results in many intermediate stages, leads to a gradual divergence of species |
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Term
| Define Punctuated Equilibrium |
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Definition
| New species changes most as it buds from the parents' lineage. Changes little for rest of existence. |
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