Term
|
Definition
| A type of cell division where ONE diploid cell (46 chomosomes) become FOUR haploid cells (23 chomosomes). |
|
|
Term
| What is the human Diploid Number of chromosomes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Plants, Fungi, and Animals (including humans) |
|
|
Term
| When do males start meiosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When do females start meiosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does meiosis occur in males? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does meiosis occur in females? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the specific type of meiosis that occurs in ovaries called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the specific type of meiosis that occurs in the testicles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does "I Peed on the MAT, Cee" stand for? |
|
Definition
| Interphase, prophase I/II, metaphase I/II, anaphase I/II, telophase I/II, cytokinesis I/II |
|
|
Term
| What is the pair of matched female and male chromosomes called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are Homologous Chromosomes? |
|
Definition
| Pairs of chromosomes grouped together based on size, shape, and gene sequence. |
|
|
Term
| How many chromosomes do humans have? |
|
Definition
| 46 chromosomes, or 23 PAIRS of homologs. |
|
|
Term
| How many chromosomes do Somatic (body) cells contain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the Diploid number of chromosomes for humans? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 2 times the number of homologs. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*Cell is in the normal resting phase.
*DNA replicates
*Only sex cells will undergo meiosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*appearance of the chromosomes
*breakdown of the nuclear membrane (envelope) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*Chromosome Pairs are aligned on either side of the metaphase plate
*During this alignment, chromatid arms may overlap & fuse temporarily
*Result : CROSSING OVER |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| *spindle fibles contract, pulling the homologous pairs away from each other and toward each pole of the cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*chromosomes pull to opposite sides leaving half the # in each new daughter
*origional cell was DIPLOID, daughter cells HAPLOID |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A new set of spindle fibers forms and chromosomes start moving toward equator of cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| All chromosomes in two cell align with metaphase plate. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The centromeres split and the spindle fibers shorten, drawing chomosomes to pole of the cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*cytokinesis/ cell divides
*Total of FOUR daughter cells (each w/ half total number of chromosomes as origional cell) |
|
|
Term
| How long does it take for males to complete meiosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| At what ages are males producing sperm? |
|
Definition
| 12/13 years old-rest of life |
|
|
Term
| When does egg production in females begin? |
|
Definition
| 5-7 months after conception |
|
|
Term
| How long do eggs stay in an early stage of meiosis in females? |
|
Definition
| Until puberty, after prophase 1 |
|
|
Term
| What are the building units of the DNA "twisted ladder"? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 subunits nucleotides are composed of? |
|
Definition
| Phosphoric acid (or phosphate,Pentose sugar, and nitrogen base. |
|
|
Term
| What makes up the sides of the DNA ladder? |
|
Definition
| Phosphate and sugar (deoxyribose) roups |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In Interphase before Mitosis and meiosis. |
|
|
Term
| What is the Enzyme that unwinds the DNA by breaking Hydrogen bonds? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the enzyme DNA Polymerase do? |
|
Definition
| Covalently bonds nucleotides on the new strand of DNA, and does proof reading and repair. |
|
|
Term
| What does the enzyme DNA Ligase do? |
|
Definition
| Bonds the short DNA segments together. |
|
|
Term
| What is the Leading Strand of DNA replication? |
|
Definition
| The 5' to 3' side of DNA, follows the Helicase and is made continuously. |
|
|
Term
| What is the Lagging strand in DNA replication? |
|
Definition
| The 3' to 5' side of DNA. Moves away from the Helicase and is made discontinuously. (in pieces) |
|
|
Term
| What does it mean that DNA is Semiconservative? |
|
Definition
| Each DNA molecule during replication keeps one OLD strand from the parent, and the other strand is a NEWLY made strand. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The parent molecule has two complementary strands of DNA. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Separation of the DNA strands by helicase. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Each parental strand now serves as a template that dertermines the order of nucleotides along a new complementary strand. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The nucleotides are connected to form the sugar-phosphate backbones of the new strands. Each "daughter" DNA molecule has one PARENTAL (old) strand and one NEW strand. |
|
|
Term
| What are the base pairing rules? |
|
Definition
A binds with T
C binds with G |
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 nitrogen bases? |
|
Definition
| adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine. |
|
|
Term
| What weak bond holds the complementary bases together? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the pyrimidines? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When does crossing over occur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When does independent assortment occur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is genetic diversity increased with meiosis? |
|
Definition
crossing over (DNA exchange on homologs)
independent assortment (randomly sorts chromosomes)
fertilization of egg and sperm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A picture of a person's chromosomes used to determine genetic abnormalities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When homologs don't split apart evenly during meiosis 1 and an egg might end up with an extra chromosome or be shorted one entire chromosome. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Things that cause mutations in DNA like U.V. radiation, nuclear radiation, some toxic chemicals, X-ray radiation |
|
|
Term
| What makes up the rungs of the DNA ladder? |
|
Definition
| Nitrogen bases ( A, T, C, G) |
|
|
Term
| What scientists determine the structure of DNA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What scientist took an x-ray of DNA and determined it was a double helix? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
[image]
What phase is this? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
[image]
What phase is this? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
[image]
What phase is this? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
[image]
What phase is this? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
[image]
What event can occur during this phase that increases genetic diversity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
[image]
What event can occur during this phase that increases genetic diversity? |
|
Definition
|
|
