Term
| What is the basic structure of a Virus? |
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Definition
| A protein coat surrounding DNA or RNA. |
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Term
| What do viruses need to reproduce? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| immediately infect the host cell;cause host to reproduce the virus, and makes the host sick |
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Term
| lysogenic virus life cycle |
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Definition
| can lay dormant in the cell; people may not get sick for years until the virus moves into the lytic phase |
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Term
| What structures do all cells have? |
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Definition
| ribosomes, DNA, cytoplasm, and cell membranes |
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Term
| What organelles do plants have that animals don't have? |
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Definition
| cell wall, central vacuole, chloroplasts |
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Term
| What type of cell are bacteria? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of organisms have eukaryotic cells? |
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Definition
| plants, animals, fungi, protozoa |
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Term
| What cell strucutre do bacteria and plants have that animals don't have? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which cells have true nuclei and membrane bound organelles? |
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Definition
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Term
| When did the first prokaryotic cells evolve? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does Host Specific mean? |
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Definition
| Can only infect certain hosts and certain cells in the host. |
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Term
| What are some characteristics of bacteria? |
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Definition
| Unicellular, reproduce asexually-binary fission, circular DNA, Divided based on cell wall |
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Term
| How do bacteria reproduce? |
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Definition
| Asexually- Binary Fission |
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Term
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Definition
| bacteria reproduce through fission or "splitting in half" |
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Term
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Definition
| bacteria transfer dna to each other through the pili or bridges |
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Term
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Definition
| a virus (bacteriophage) injects dna into a bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
| Bacteria pick up external dna from the environment |
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Term
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Definition
| agent that causes disease and in turn an immune response (bacteria, virus, fungus...) |
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Term
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Definition
| Foreign particle that causes an immune response |
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Term
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Definition
| Identity of the pathogen/antigen is not important, the response is the same no matter what the invading organism (bacteria, fungi,virus) is. |
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Term
| Nonspecific defense: first line of defense |
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Definition
| Skin, mucus membranes prevent pathogen from getting into cells |
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Term
| Nonspecific defense: second line of defense |
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Definition
| Inflammation, Temperature rises, blood goes to area, macrophages attack antigen/pathogen |
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Term
| Specific Defense: third line of defense |
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Definition
| Identity of the pathogen/antigen must be learned and perfect antibody made for this specific invader |
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Term
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Definition
| A specific defense that occurs when the body has never encountered the pathogen/antigen before. A pathogen must first be identified and then specific antibodies and MEMORY cells are made. It takes longer than the Secondary Immune Response |
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Term
| Secondary Immune Response |
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Definition
| Specific Defense. The next time that an agent invades, MEMORY cells identify the invader (first 6 steps are skippied) and antibodies/macrophages are released after the invader. Much faster than a Primary Immune Response |
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Term
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Definition
| They bind to the exterior of specific pathogen and inactivate them or flag them for destruction by macrophages. |
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Term
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Definition
| Made up of weakened viral particles. A small number of antibodies are produced. When a real viral invasion happens, you already have the memory cells and antibodies to defeat it. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| white blood cell that makes antibodies that labels pathogens for destruction by macrophages and sticks pathogens together |
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Term
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Definition
| The white blood cells puncture the cell membranes of infected cells to destroy them |
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Term
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Definition
| large white blood cell that engulfs or eats pathogens |
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Term
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Definition
| Body's first defense against invading organisms (skin, mucus membranes) and inflammatory response. |
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Term
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Definition
| substance prepared from killed or weakened pathogens and introduced into a body to produce immunity |
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Term
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Definition
| This diagram shows the lytic cycle |
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Term
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Definition
| This diagram shows the lysogenic cycle |
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Term
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Definition
| This is a prokaryote or bacteria. |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The first hump is the primary response to an infection. |
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Term
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Definition
| The second hump shows a secondary response to a pathogen. It is stronger and quicker b/c memory cells and antibodies already exist that know what the virus "looks" like. |
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