Term
| A 64-year old male presents with nocturia accompanied by a poor urinary stream. On examination, there is a smooth non-tender enlarged prostate. His PSA is 5 pg/dl. His creatinine is slightly elevated. |
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Definition
| Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia |
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Term
| A 56-year old male smoker presents with gross painless hematuria. There is nothing abnormal on the physical examination. Urinalysis reveals numerous red blood cells and dysplastic cells. An intravenous pyelogram reveals a filling defect in the bladder. |
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Definition
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| A 79-year old male presents with nocturia. He complains that his feet are swollen especially towards the end of the day. On examination, there is bilateral pitting ankle edema, a positive hepatojugular reflex and distended jugular veins. His B-type Natriuretic Peptide level is 650. Chest x-ray show cardiomegaly, prominent pulmonary blood vessels and bilateral pleural effusions. |
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Definition
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| A 10-year old male presents with frequent urination with nocturia. He drinks a lot of water also. On examination, there is nothing of note. Urinalysis shows a constant specific gravity of less than 1.005 in spite of water deprivation. |
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Definition
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| An overweight 51-year old male presents with frequent urination including getting up at night to pass urine. He also complains of increased thirst and more troubling erectile dysfunction. CMP shows a glucose level of 465 mg/dL and there is 3+ glucose in his urine. |
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Definition
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| A 9-year old child presents with brownish-colored urine and puffy eyelids especially in the mornings for the past 3 days. He was recently bitten by mosquitoes two weeks ago and some of the bites became infected. On examination, his blood pressure is 130/90. There is slight pitting edema in both legs and a number of healed lesions on the arms and legs. CMP shows elevated BUN and creatinine. The ASOT is elevated. |
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Definition
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Term
| A 31-year old female presents with recurrent bouts of Dysuria, increased urinary frequency and nocturia. On examination, there is mild discomfort in the suprapubic region. CBC shows a mild leukocytosis. Urinalysis shows proteins, numerous white blood cells but no nitrites. Repeated cultures of the urine fail to grow any bacteria. |
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Definition
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| A 78-year old male presents with incontinence. His son says that the patient’s memory is going and that he has been falling down a lot recently. On examination, there is a smell of stale urine on the patient. He has a wide-based ataxic gait and he has difficulty with short-term memory. CT scan of his brain shows massively dilated ventricles. |
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Definition
| Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus |
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Term
| A 7-year old child presents with frothy urine. Her mother also says that the child’s eyelids are puffy in the mornings. On examination, the BP is normal and there is mild pitting edema in both legs. Urinalysis show massive proteinuria but no white or red blood cells casts are present. CMP show low serum proteins. Further tests show that the child is losing more than 3.5 grams of protein in the urine in a 24-hour period. |
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Definition
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| A 46-year old black male presents with hematuria. On examination, he has and irregular prostate with an area of induration [hardness] in the left lateral lobe. His PSA is 24 pg/dl. |
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Definition
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Term
| A 23-year old female presents with fever, chills, vomiting and dysuria. She also complains of low back pain on the right side. On examination, there is tenderness on percussing the right costovertebral angle. CBC shows leukocytosis with elevated neutrophils. Urinalysis shows numerous bacteria, nitrites and white blood cell casts. |
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Definition
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Term
| A 23-year old sexually active male presents with pain in his right eye and left ankle. Two weeks ago he had dysuria and a mucoid penile discharge. On examination, the right eye is red and the left ankle is swollen, warm and tender. A test for Chlamydia is positive. |
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Definition
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Term
| A 56-year old male smoker presents with gross painless hematuria. There is nothing abnormal on the physical examination. Urinalysis reveals numerous red blood cells and dysplastic cells. MRI of the abdomen reveals a mass in the lower pole of the right kidney. |
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| A 35-year old male presents with sudden onset of severe colicky pain in his left flank. The pain has radiated downwards towards his groin and his urine is red. On examination, there is tenderness over the left costovertebral angle. Urinalysis shows lots of red blood cells and calcium struvite crystals. |
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Definition
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Term
| A 21-year old female presents with recurrent dysuria and frequency. However there is no nocturia. She was sexually abused as a child by a family member. On examination, there is mild discomfort in the suprapubic region. CBC, CMP and urinalysis are normal. |
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Definition
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