Term
| Describe the differences in symptoms between Pontiac fever and Legionnaire's disease. |
|
Definition
| Pontiac fever is an influenza-like illness without pneumonia and Legionnaire's disease is a severe pneumonia |
|
|
Term
| Which species of Nocardia typically causes chronic pulmonary disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which species of Rickettsiae causes Rocky Mountain spotted fever? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which organism causes urethritis? |
|
Definition
| Ureaplasma (Mycoplasma) urealyticum |
|
|
Term
| Eating raw or poorly cooked meat from what kind of animal can transmit Francisella tularensis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the common name of the disease caused by Streptobacillus moniliformis and Spirillum minus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What disease/condition is caused by Legionella pneumophilia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What disease/condition is caused by Ehrlichia spp.? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What disease/condition is caused by Rickettsia rickettsii? |
|
Definition
| Rocky Mountain spotted fever |
|
|
Term
| What disease/condition is caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae? |
|
Definition
| Primary atypical pneumonia |
|
|
Term
| What disease/condition is caused by Nocardia asteroides? |
|
Definition
| TB-like pulmonary disease or actinomycotic mycetoma |
|
|
Term
| What disease/condition is caused by Rickettsia akari? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What disease/condition is caused by Bartonella quintana? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What disease/condition is caused by Francisella tularensis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What disease/condition is caused by Ureaplasma urealyticum? |
|
Definition
| Non-gonococcal/chlamydial urethritis |
|
|
Term
| What disease/condition is caused by Rickettsia prowazekii? |
|
Definition
Epidemic typhus
Brill-Zinsser disease |
|
|
Term
| What disease/condition is caused by Coxiella burnetii? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What disease/condition is caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What disease/condition is caused by Rickettsia typhi? |
|
Definition
Endemic typhus
Murine typus |
|
|
Term
| What disease/condition is caused by Brucella spp.? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What disease/condition is caused by Streptobacillus/Spirillum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the animal host for Rickettsiae akari? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the animal host for Rickettsiae prowazekii? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the animal host for Brucella melitensis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the animal host for Brucella abortus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the animal host for Brucella suis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the animal host for Brucella canis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the animal host for Brucella ovis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the animal host for Francisella tularensis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the animal host for Streptobacillus moniliformis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the animal host for Bartonella henselae? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the vector for Rickettsia prowazekii? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the vector for Rickettsia typhi? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the vector for Rickettsia rickettsii? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the vector for Rickettsia akari? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the vector for Orientia tsutsugamushi? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the vector for Coxiella burnetii? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the vector for Bartonella quintana? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the vector for Ehrilichia chaffeensis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the vector for Human Granulocytic Ehrlichia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the vector for Ehrlichia sennetsu? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are health care associated infections? |
|
Definition
| Infections that occur within a hospital or hospital like setting |
|
|
Term
| Name two sources of the infecting agent. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What types of patient care problems account for the majority of health care associated infections? |
|
Definition
| Problems in patient care practices e.g. improper handwashing, surgical preparation, and laundering procedures |
|
|
Term
| How are infection control practices enforced? |
|
Definition
| Through the Joint Commission on the Accrediation of Healthcare Organizations |
|
|
Term
| Define healthcare associated infection. |
|
Definition
| Infections that occur within a hospital or hospital like setting |
|
|
Term
| Identify the three major "links" in the chain for healthcare associated infections. |
|
Definition
Agent - the infection itself
Transmission - the mode of infection
Host- the codition of host prior to infection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A specific "foreign" substance, which stimulates an immune response |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Composed of glycoprotein produced in response to specific antigen stimulation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the specific part of the immunogen that specifies the antibody to be produced |
|
|
Term
| Where are the different types of MHC molecules found? |
|
Definition
| On the surface of tissue and blood cells that identifies a specific individual |
|
|
Term
| What is an Antigen Presenting Cell? |
|
Definition
| A cell that processes an antigen in a way that antigenic determinants are presented on the cell surface in concert with class II MHC molecules for interaction with appropriate T-cell receptors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A chemical attraction of phagocytic cells to the site of antigenic stimulation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A complex series of serum proteins, which interact in a cascade fashion to enhance certain antigen-antibody reactions |
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between constitutive and induced response? |
|
Definition
| Constitutive response is A nonspecific response which is continuously expressed without any regulation. Induced response is a specific response to a "foreign" substance |
|
|
Term
| What cells are involved in the cell mediated immunity system? |
|
Definition
Antigen-Presenting-Cells
T-lymphocytes
Natural Killer cells |
|
|
Term
| Which cells are involved in the humoral immune system? |
|
Definition
Helper T-lymphocytes
B-lymphocytes |
|
|
Term
| Which immunoglobulin can cross the placenta? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which immunoglobulin is the largest molecule? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which immunoglobulins activate complement? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which immunoglobulin is produced in the greatest concentration? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which immunoglobulin is the major immunoglobulin of allergic reactions? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which immunoglobulin is produced first in sequence from plasma cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which immunoglobulin provides major protection during primary response...secondary response? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List three types of disorders of the immune system |
|
Definition
Immunodeficiency diseases
Autoimmune disorders
Hypersensitivity |
|
|
Term
| List examples of Type I IgE mediated hypersensitivity |
|
Definition
Systemic anaphylaxis
Hay fever
Asthma
Hives
Food allergies
Exzema |
|
|
Term
| List examples of Type III immune complex mediated hypersensitivity |
|
Definition
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Rheumatoid arthritis
Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis |
|
|
Term
| What are the three types of infection caused by fungi? |
|
Definition
Superficial/Cutaneous
Subcutaneous
Systemic |
|
|
Term
| What is another term for yeasts? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When reading a 10% KOH prep, what do you look for? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If processing is delayed on a sputum specimen, what, if anything, should be done until processing occurs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What polymer is a major component of the fungal cell wall? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False Fungi contain chlorophyll |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the basic characteristics of yeast. |
|
Definition
| Oval or spherical, single cells that rarely form filaments |
|
|
Term
| What environmental condition allows a dimorph to grow as either a yeast or mold? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the phyla of the Kingdom Fungi? |
|
Definition
Phylum Zygomycota
Phylum Ascomycota
Phylum Basidiomycota
Phylum Fungi Imperfecti |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An asexual reproductive unit |
|
|
Term
| What are 4 routine media for fungi? |
|
Definition
Sabourand Dextrose Agar (SDA)
Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) with antibiotics (Mycosel)
Brain Heart Infusion Agar (BHIA)
Inhibitory Mold Agar (IMA) |
|
|
Term
| What are the typical temperature requirements for culturing fungi and how rapidly do they grow? |
|
Definition
Room Temperature
Rapid growers - Less than one week
Slow growers - 1-6 weeks |
|
|
Term
| Which cell type of fungi? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are two special media used for fungal growth and the purpose of each. |
|
Definition
Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) - enhances sporulation and pigment production
Corn Meal Agar - starvation media used for microscopic observation of chlamydospore production in yeasts |
|
|
Term
| What is another term for yeast cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are five reagents and stains used for fungal identification? |
|
Definition
1) KOH with Glycerol
2) Calcofluor modification of the KOH mount
3) Lactophenol Cotton Blue
4) India ink
5) Methenamine silver nitrate stain |
|
|
Term
| What are 8 specimen sources for fungal infections? |
|
Definition
1) Abscess
2) Blood Culture
3) Sputum
4) CSF
5) Urine
6) Biopsy
7) Skin and nails
8) Hair |
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