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| issued on 13 April 1598[1] by Henry IV of France to grant the Calvinist Protestants of France (also known as Huguenots) substantial rights in a nation still considered essentially Catholic. |
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| names used to describe a series of laws passed by the British Parliament in 1774 relating to Britain's colonies in North America. The acts sparked outrage and resistance in the Thirteen Colonies and were important developments in the growth of the American Revolution. |
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| the theory that the Sun is at the center of the Universe |
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| series of laws which restricted the use of foreign shipping for trade between England and its colonies |
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| an economic theory that holds that the prosperity of a nation is dependent upon its supply of capital, and that the global volume of international trade is "unchangeable". |
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| one of a series of resolutions passed attempting to regulate the behavior of the colonies. It stated that Parliament had the right to make laws for the colonies in all matters |
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| a law enacted by a government that requires a tax to be paid on the transfer of certain documents. Those that pay the tax receive an official stamp on their documents. |
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| Royal Proclamation of 1763 |
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| issued October 7, 1763, by King George III to organize Britain's new North American empire and to stabilize relations with Native North Americans through regulation of trade, settlement, and land purchases on the western frontier. |
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| a form of constitutional government, where in either an elected or hereditary monarch is the head of state |
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| a phase in Western philosophy and cultural life centered upon the eighteenth century, in which reason was advocated as the primary source and legitimacy for authority. |
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| religious and philosophical belief that a supreme natural God exists and created the physical universe, and that religious truths can be arrived at by the application of reason and observation of the natural world. Deists generally reject the notion of supernatural revelation as a basis of truth or religious dogma. |
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| ruled as King of France and of Navarre from 1774 until 1791, and then as King of the French from 1791 to 1792. Suspended and arrested during the Insurrection of 10 August, he was tried by the National Convention, found guilty of treason, and executed by guillotine on 21 January 1793. He was the only king of France to be executed |
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| a term created 1790 - 1792 by the French aristocracy to describe the poorer members of the Third Estate |
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| was founder of the Swedish Empire at the beginning of what is widely regarded as the Golden Age of Sweden. |
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| an English military and political leader best known for his involvement in making England into a republican Commonwealth and for his later role as Lord Protector of England, Scotland, and Ireland |
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| a military and political leader of France who had a significant impact on world history. |
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| theory of mind is often cited as the origin for modern conceptions of identity and "the self", |
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| (1618–1648) was one of the most destructive conflicts in European history. The war was fought primarily (though not exclusively) in Germany and at various points involved most of the countries of Europe. |
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| Revolt of the Netherlands |
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| the successful revolt of the Seventeen Provinces in the Low Countries against the Spanish Empire. It led to the formation of the independent Dutch state of (the Netherlands). The first leader was William of Orange, followed by several of his descendants and relations |
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| the political upheaval during the last half of the 18th century in which the Thirteen Colonies of North America overthrew the governance of the British Empire and then rejected the British monarchy to become the sovereign United States of America |
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| War of Spanish Succession |
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| a war fought in 1701-1714, in which several European powers combined to stop a possible unification of the Kingdoms of Spain and France under a single Bourbon monarch, upsetting the European balance of power |
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| (1756–1763) involved all of the major European powers of the period, causing 900,000 to 1,400,000 deaths. The British entered two years after the start of the war, it lasted 9 years |
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| carried out a policy of Westernization and expansion that transformed the Tsardom of Russia into the 3-billion acre Russian Empire, a major European power. |
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| a French Enlightenment writer, essayist, and philosopher known for his wit, philosophical sport, and defense of civil liberties, including freedom of religion and free trade. |
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