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| aka Counting numbers. The numbers used for counting. Does not include 0. |
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| Sum of two odd numbers... |
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| the sum of two odd numbers is always even |
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| Whole numbers–the counting numbers along with zero: 0,1,2... |
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| the counting numbers, their opposites, and zero: ... -1,0,1... |
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| all of the fractions that can be formed from the whole numbers. Zero cannot be the denominator. In decimal form, these numbers will either be terminating or repeating decimals. |
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| real numbers that cannot be written as a fraction. The decimal forms of these numbers are neither terminating nor repeating:π,e, 2,etc. |
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Definition
the set of numbers obtained by combining the rationals and irrationals. Complex numbers (i.e., numbers that involve i or square roots) are not real
numbers. |
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| Common numerical (fraction + decimal) equivalents |
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Definition
| 1/2 = .5 = 50% 1/3 = .33 = 33% 1/4 = .25 = 25% 1/5 = .20 = 20% 1/6 = .16 = 16% 1/8 = .12 = 12% 1/10 = .1 = 10% 2/3 = .66 = 66% 5/6 = .83 = 83% 3/8 = .37 = 37% 5/8 = .62 = 62% 7/8 = .87 = 87% 1 = 1.0 = 100% |
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| Prime vs Composite numbers |
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Definition
Composite numbers are opposite of prime.
Remember that the number 1 is neither prime nor composite. |
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Definition
a. A number is divisible by 2 if that number is even
b. A number is divisible by 3 if the sum of its digits is evenly divisible by 3.
c. A number is divisible by 4 if the number in its last 2 digits is divisible by 4.
d. A number is divisible by 5 if the number ends in either a 5 or a 0.
e. A number is divisible by 6 if the number is even and the sum of its digits is evenly divisible by 3.
f. A number is divisible by 8 if the number in its last 3 digits is evenly divisible by 8.
g. A number is divisible by 9 if the sum of its digits is evenly divisible by 9.
h. A number is divisible by 10 if the number ends in the digit 0. |
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Term
| Greatest Common Factor (GCF) |
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Definition
GCF is the abbreviation for the greatest common factor. The GCF is the largest number that is a factor of all the numbers given in a problem. The GCF can be no larger than the smallest number given in the problem. If no other number is a common factor, then the GCF will be the number 1.
To find the GCF, list all possible factors of the smallest number given (include the number itself). Starting with the largest factor (which is the number itself), determine if it is also a factor of all the other given numbers. If so, that is the GCF. If that factor doesn't work, try the same method on the next smaller factor. Continue until a common factor is found. That is the GCF. |
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| Least Common Multiple (LCM) |
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Definition
| LCM is the abbreviation for least common multiple. The LCMof a group of numbers is the smallest number that all of the given numbers will divide into. The least common multiple will always be the largest of the given numbers or a multiple of the largest number. |
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Definition
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Term
| Supplementary vs. Complementary Angles, and Congruent Lines |
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Definition
| 1. Supplementary angles has the sum of the two angles that equal 180 degrees 2. Complementary angles have the sum of 90 degrees between two angles. 3. Congruent line segments- a pair of line segments that have equal lengths. |
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| Angle Classifications (see page 108 for more info) |
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Definition
| acute: greater than 0 and less than 90 degrees. right: exactly 90 degrees. obtuse: greater than 90 and less than 180 degrees. straight: exactly 180 degrees |
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| Customary Units of Length, Weight, Capacity |
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Definition
| 12 inches (in.) = 1 foot (ft.) 36 in. = 1 yard (yd.) 3 ft. = 1 yd. 5280 ft. = 1 mile (mi.) 1760 yd. = 1 mi. 16 ounces (oz.) = 1 pound (lb.) 2,000 lb. = 1 ton (T.) 8 fluid ounces (fl. oz.) = 1 cup (c.) 2 c. = 1 pint (pt.) 4 c. = 1 quart (qt.) 2 pt. = 1 qt. 4 qt. = 1 gallon (gal.) |
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Definition
The metric system is based on multiples of ten. Conversions are made by simply moving the decimal point to the left or right.
kilo- 1000 hecto- 100 deca- 10 unit
deci- .1 centi- .01 milli- .001
thousands hundreds tens
tenths hundredths thousandths
The basic unit for length is the meter.
The basic unit for weight or mass is the gram. The basic unit for volume is the liter. |
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Term
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Definition
| 1 m = 100 cm 1000 mL= 1 L 1000 mg = 1 g 1 m = 1000 mm 1 kL = 1000 L 1 kg = 1000 g 1 cm = 10 mm 1000 m = 1 km |
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| Mean, Median, Mode, Range |
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Definition
Mean is the average - add up all number and divide by # of #'s.
Median -found by putting the data items in order from smallest to largest and selecting the item in the middle (or the average of the two items in the middle).
Mode is the most frequently occurring item.
Range is a measure of variability - found by subtracting the smallest value from the largest value. |
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Term
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Definition
| Conditional: If p, then q (p=hypothesis, q=conclusion) Inverse: If -p, then-q (negate both) Converse: If q, then p (reverse) Contrapositive: If -q, then -p (reverse, then negate) TIP: Contrapositive is always true, assuming original conditional is true. |
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| Ratios, Proportions, and Percentages |
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Definition
A car travels 125 miles in 2.5 hours. How far in 6 hours?
Cross multiply!
125/2.5 = x/6
2.5x=125x6
2.5x=750
2.5/2.5=750/2.5
x=300
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Term
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Definition
Tessellation - can be any shape, completely covers plane w/o gaps
Transformation - chng in position, shape, or size of geometric figure
Translation - "slides" an opject, like stadium seating
Rotation - transformation that turns about a fixed point (center of rotation), like wallpaper or art
Reflection - same shape and size but faces in opposite direction
Glide reflection - combo of reflection and translation (opposite direction and slides)
Dilation - shrink or make bigger by transformation with dilation of sides |
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Term
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Definition
See page 82-83
1. Adjacent- have a common vertex and one common side, no interior points in common
2. Complementary - add up to 90 degrees.
3. Suplementary angles - add up to 180 degrees.
4. Vertical angles - have sides that form two pairs of opposite rays.
5. Corresponding - in the same corresponding position on two parallel lines cut by a transversal.
6. Alternate interior - diagonal angles on the INSIDE of two parallel lines cut by a transversal.
7. Alternate exterior - diagonal angles on the OUTSIDE of two parallel lines cut by a transversal. |
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Term
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Definition
Circumference = 2 (pi) r
Area = pi(r squared) |
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| the sum of interior angles of any triangle is 180 degrees. Therefore, the interior angles of any quadrilateral will equal 360 degrees. |
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