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wells' class
yeah, sucks
75
Fine Art
Graduate
11/04/2008

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Term
Thomas Brown
Definition
coined the term "spinal irritation"
said vertebrae tenderness corresponded to diseased organ.
Term
Riadore
Definition
irritation of spinal nerves alters fx and structure.
encouraged manipulation.
Term
Palmers hypotheses
Definition
1. inflammation=result of any displacement.
2. luxation on bones causes disease
3. renwick adjusted; nervous system manages circulatory system
4. innate
5. vibratory theory added. "rack" bones to normal position; BOP!!
Term
who was renwick?
Definition
adjusted by dd, caused dd to hypothesize nervous controlled circulatory.
Term
langworthy, paxon, smith
Definition
wrote stuff before palmer. rejected BOP. suggested jt fixation.
Term
who coined subluxation?
Definition
langworthy. precursor of sdf.
Term
joy loban
Definition
meric system based on spinal nerves
Term
bj's 4 subluxation criteria:
Definition
1. v misalignment
2. occlusion of foramen
3. nerve pressure
4. interference of mental impulse transmission
Term
bj thought which bones were subluxated? which caused pressure?
Definition
c1 and 2
Term
co watkins
Definition
scientific research about chiro
Term
marcel and gellet and illi
Definition
revitalized no joint motion theory. strained capsule.
Term
illi
Definition
si work
Term
bj rejected __
Definition
germ theory
Term
why is chiropractic a paradigm and who said it
Definition
coulter; some ignore the things that challenge palmerism
Term
what spot is the mediating variable in?
Definition
2nd
Term
what is vsc phase 1?
Definition
inflammation/sdf
Term
leach
Definition
sdf=fixation
sdf=mediating variable
adjust=independent
improvement in pain=dependent.
Term
what does sdf do according to leach?
Definition
decreased mobility, altered pressure threshold, taut muscle
Term
leach's signs of sdf
Definition
decreased rom, point tenderness, abnormal paraspinal contracture
Term
segmental facilitation=
Definition
decreased threshold for firing at a segment due to afferent bomardment associated with spinal lesionsr
Term
group I fibers
Definition
fast, myelinated thickly, big, not in skin, proprio/kinesthesia
Term
group II fibers
Definition
medium, thick myelin, fast, a-b in skin, proprio/mechanic
Term
group III
Definition
small, thin, slow, a-delta, mechanic/temp/nociception
Term
group IV
Definition
smallest, no myelin, slowest, C fibers, mechanic/temp/nociception and PAIN
Term
alpha motor neurons are:
Definition
myelinated, innervate force muscles, big, fast
Term
anatomy of joint capsule
Definition
outer fibers (collagen), inward: subsynovia (fat, blood, lymph), synovial intima
Term
which fibers respond to change in facets? what kind of changes are they?
Definition
chemical and mechanical
2, 3, 4
Term
muscle receptors
Definition
Ia and Ib and II
Term
Ia
Definition
primary; respond to stretch, rate, and magnitude of change in length
Term
afferents to Ia muscle receptors?
Definition
I and II
Term
Ib
Definition
golgi tendon. muscle tension and decreased force. silent at rest.
Term
muscle stiffness=
Definition
change in tension/change in length
Term
II muscle receptor
Definition
secondary muscle spindles. respond to stretch and INHIBITED by contraction.
Term
II muscle receptor. what happens at impulse?
Definition
resting discharge increased
Term
motion segment=
Definition
vertebral body, ivd, ALL and PLL
Term
posterior muscle segment=?
Definition
sp, pedicle, lamina, facets, flavum, post. paraspinal
Term
theory I of facet dysfunction
Definition
due to ligament and capsule instability, foraminal encroachment, and synovial fold bends
Term
theory II of facet dysfunction
Definition
degenerative chane in joint and meniscal incarceration
Term
theory III of facet dysfunction
Definition
joint effusion w/capsular distention
Term
theory IV of facet dysfuntion
Definition
joint effusion with direct diffusion as cause of nerve root pain.
Term
theory V of facet dysfunction
Definition
joint adhesion
Term
theory VI of facet dysfunction
Definition
z-joint meniscoid w/important structures, possibly causing chronic SDF.
Term
effects of trapped meniscoid
Definition
1. joint capsule tension (increased mechanoreceptor activity leads to increased nociception leads to decreased pain threshold)
2. capsular adhesion
3. biochemical alteration
4. degenerative changes
Term
describe capsular adhesion in effects of trapped meniscoid
Definition
secoindary to joint hypomobility; ct growth around joint
Term
describe biochemical alteration in effects of trapped meniscoid
Definition
GAG lost from cartilage and ligament of joint in question
Term
describe degenerative changes of effecs of trapped meniscoid
Definition
abnormal stress--> bone loss and increased hypomobility
Term
which cells affected in Korr's facilitated zone? What do they do?
Definition
ant and lat horn AND efferent pain
become hypersensitive
Term
what do muscle spindles do to contraction
Definition
increase or decrease
Term
how does cns deal with lazy muscles?
Definition
muscle spindle adjusted during extrafusal contraction and adusts gamma motor neuron
Term
so cns is adjusting to muscle slack. then what?
Definition
gain is set too high-->spasm.
Term
in korr's model, the gain set too high leads to what two things
Definition
resist-->spasm, and golgi tendon organs inhibit alpha and gamma motor neurons
Term
in korr, is pop needed?
Definition
no. stretching muscle is all you need
Term
patterson-steinmetz
Definition
cord necessary for fixation but cerebellum isn't. it's caused by central or peripheral input to segments.
hindleg flexion!
Term
in patterson-steinmetz, how do you prevent neural scarring?
Definition
don't wait to find fixation
Term
what did wells say was his conclusion of patterson-steinmetz?
Definition
confident chiro
Term
what did dvorak add?
Definition
inflammation.
Term
outline dvorak
Definition
slow-twitch fibers (postural) shorten in sdf from overuse. sdf increases sensory discharge via 1a alpha to contract same muscle; altered joint movement results.
Term
what are eicosanoids
Definition
pg and lt
Term
what does a2 do
Definition
vasoconstricts
Term
what competes with a2
Definition
prostacyclin
Term
what does paf do
Definition
bronchioconstriction
Term
cytokines involved in?
Definition
homeostasis, cell cycle
Term
nitric oxide does..
Definition
vasodilation
Term
substance p does
Definition
mood regulation, pain, nociception, stress, nausea, stimulates cell growth, vasodilates, reverses diabetes in mice.
Term
what kills proteoglycans?
Definition
inflammation
Term
what's
Definition
Term
outline gatterman coe
Definition
histamine causes depletion of atp which makes muscle never reset
decreased blood makes somato-somato resopnse which leads to more histamine and more sensitization
self-perpetuating for joints and/or muscles
Term
minimal E hypothesis
Definition
Evans. fixation of joint and receptor tonus.
minimum E used when spine is in equilibrium.
Term
punjabi. what are paraspinal m. in?
Definition
active subsystem
Term
what does multifidus affect
Definition
segmental stability
Term
what does lbp do
Definition
wastes multifidus
Term
upper x syndrome: tight
Definition
upper trap, levator scap, scalenes, subocciputal, extensors, internal shoulder rotators
Term
upper x: weak
Definition
neck flexors, mid and low trap, rhomboid
Term
lower x: tight
Definition
ql, hammies, gastroc, psoas, extensors, piriformis
Term
lower x: weak
Definition
ab, glut
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