Term
| What was scientists view on perio disease from 1880-1903? |
|
Definition
| scientists tried to identify a single pathogen that caused periodontal disease |
|
|
Term
| What was scientists view on perio disease from 1930-1960? |
|
Definition
| -it was believed that perio disease was due to some unknown host factor as well as local factors |
|
|
Term
| What was scientists view on plaque from 1930-1960? |
|
Definition
| all plaque was viewed as having potential to cause perio disease (nonspecific plaque hypothesis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-returned to a specific plaque hypothesis
-difficulties in identifying pathogenic agents contines |
|
|
Term
| What has been the view on plaque since 2000? |
|
Definition
| that plaque is a complex biofilm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| complex communities which are difficult to isolate in a laboratory |
|
|
Term
| Do only people with unhealthy mouths have pathogen-causing bacteria? |
|
Definition
| no, even bacteria that function as pathogens in some areas of the mouth may also be present in healthy sites |
|
|
Term
| When you have periodontal disease can your condition improve? |
|
Definition
| yes, someone with periodontal disease have alternating episodes of disease progression and remission |
|
|
Term
| Are the same pathogenic organisms present during all phases of periodontal disease? |
|
Definition
| no, different organisms are present during different phases of periodontal disease |
|
|
Term
| What are the components of Socransky's Criteria for Periodontal Pathogens?(5) |
|
Definition
1.Association
2.Elimination
3.Host Response
4.Virulence Factors
5.Animal Studies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a pathogen should be found more frequently and in higher number in disease states than in healthy states |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| elimination of the pathogen should be accompanied by elimination or remission of the disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| there should be evidence of a host response to a specific pathogen which is causing tissue damage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the ability of a putative pathogen to function in producing disease should be demonstrated in an animal model system |
|
|
Term
| What are the two pathogens that have most thoroughly fulfilled Socransky's criteria? |
|
Definition
1.Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans
2.Porphyromonas gingivalis |
|
|
Term
| Where is the bacteria Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans seen? |
|
Definition
| in progressive periodontitus |
|
|
Term
| Where is porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria found? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| soft deposits that form the biofilm |
|
|
Term
| Where does formation of dental plaque occur first? Then where? |
|
Definition
| forms supragingivally then progresses subgingivally |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to the soft accumulations of plaque and tissue cells that lack organization |
|
|
Term
| How is materia alba displaced? Is it hard to do? |
|
Definition
| no, easily displaced by water |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a hard deposit that forms by mineralization of dental plaque |
|
|
Term
| How is plaque classified? |
|
Definition
1.relationship to gingival margin(sub, supra)
2.relationship to the tooth surface
3.based on association with disease state |
|
|
Term
| What are the two ways plaque can be classified based on relationship to tooth surface? |
|
Definition
1.attached-tooth associated, more closely associated with the wall of subgingival tissues
2.unattached plaque-tissue associated |
|
|
Term
| What are the who ways plaque can be classified based on disease status? |
|
Definition
-heath associated
-disease associated |
|
|
Term
| Where is supragingival plaque usually located? |
|
Definition
-found about the gingival margin
-makes direct contact with gingiva |
|
|
Term
| What does supragingival plaque look like? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When can you see supragingival plaque? |
|
Definition
| after about 1-2 days of not brushing |
|
|
Term
| What can supragingival plaque caused? |
|
Definition
associated with...
1.development of gingivitis
2.calculus formation
3.caries |
|
|
Term
| Where is subgingival plaque found? Is this plaque attached or unattached? |
|
Definition
| below the gingival margin between tooth and sulcular gingival tissue, can be attached or unattached |
|
|
Term
| What is the gingival crevice bathed in? What kind of substances does it contain? |
|
Definition
| crevicular fluid, contains substances that bacteria use as nutrients |
|
|
Term
| What is tooth assiciation(attached plaque) like? |
|
Definition
| densely packed on tooth surface(biofilm) |
|
|
Term
| What is tooth associated plaque characterized by? Is it more or less virulent? |
|
Definition
-gram-positive rods, cocci, and filamentous bacteria
-less virulent |
|
|
Term
| How is tooth-associated plaque removed? |
|
Definition
| scaling and root debridement |
|
|
Term
| What is tissue associated plaque? |
|
Definition
| loosely adherent to the soft tissue wall |
|
|
Term
| What is tissue plaque characterized by? (4) Is it more or less virulent? |
|
Definition
-gram negative rods
-cocci
-spirochetes
-anaerobic
more virulent! |
|
|
Term
| Where has bacteria in tissue associated plaque been found? How is it removed? |
|
Definition
| has been found in host tissues, has to be surgically removed |
|
|
Term
| What is unattached plaque? |
|
Definition
| free floating, not a biofilm! |
|
|
Term
| What is unattached plaque characterized by? (3) |
|
Definition
1.gram-negative
2.motile
3.anaerobic |
|
|
Term
| Is unattached plaque more or less virulent? How do you get rid of it? |
|
Definition
| more virulent, remove by flushing |
|
|
Term
| How much percent gram-positive and negative is dental plaque induced gingivitis? |
|
Definition
56% gram-positive
44% gram-negative |
|
|
Term
| How much percent gram-negative and anaerobic is periodintitis? |
|
Definition
75% gram-negative
90% anaerobic |
|
|
Term
| Are biofilms unique to the oral cavity? |
|
Definition
| no, they are not unique to the oral cavity, may be found on any environmental surface where moisture is present |
|
|
Term
| Where are biofilms development most rapid? |
|
Definition
| development is most rapid in flowing systems where adequate nutrients are available |
|
|
Term
| what are 3 systems where biofilms develop rapidly? |
|
Definition
-biological systems
-industrial systems
-environmental systems |
|
|
Term
| How many bacterial species can dental plaque biofilm be composed of? |
|
Definition
| over 500 bacterial species |
|
|
Term
| Is the biofilm the same in each tooth site? |
|
Definition
| no, each tooth site represents a unique microenviornment, that effects biofilm composition, metabolic status, and thickness |
|
|
Term
| What is the first step in the three step process of plaque formation? |
|
Definition
| formation of the dental pellicle |
|
|
Term
| What is the second step in the three step process of plaque formation? |
|
Definition
| pioneer micro-organisms will adhere to the pellicle and proliferate to form colonies |
|
|
Term
| What are the bacteria associated with the second step in plaque formation? |
|
Definition
| starts with gram and anaerobic cocci, then colonized by gram positive rods and filaments, gram negative anaerobic cocci and fusiform bacteria |
|
|
Term
| What is the third and final step in the formation of plaque? |
|
Definition
| Finally the aggregation of spiral forms and spirochetes forms the cohesive plaque biofilm |
|
|
Term
| How many bacteria are there per ml of saliva? How many different bacterial species are present? |
|
Definition
| 100 million bacteria per ml of saliva, over 500 different species |
|
|
Term
| What are all oral surfaces including removal restorations initially coated ny? |
|
Definition
| glycoprotein film of saliva |
|
|
Term
| What is this glycoprotein film composed of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two pellicle functions? |
|
Definition
1.provides a protective barrier by lubricating surfaces and preventing drying of tissue
2.provides a substrate to which bacteria attach |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are pellicles derived from? |
|
Definition
| derived from salivary constituents which are selectively adsorbed onto the tooth surface |
|
|
Term
| Where does initial colonization of tooth surface take place? What type of bacteria are present? |
|
Definition
| occurs supragingivally, aerobic, gram positive organisms |
|
|
Term
| What constitutes 60-90% of bacteria that colonize on teeth in the first 4 hourd after professional cleaning? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When does the initial colonization of the pellicle occur? What are the nutrient sources for the bacteria? |
|
Definition
-1-2 days
-sugars as energy source, saliva used as carbon source |
|
|
Term
| (secondary colonization) What are the two distinct mechanisms by which plaque increases? |
|
Definition
1.multiplication of bacteria already attached to the tooth surface
2.subsequent attachment and multiplication of new bacterial species to cells of bacteria already present in mass |
|
|
Term
| What do the microorganisms in secondary colonization appear to have to ability to do? |
|
Definition
| appear to have the ability to adhere to gram-positive species already present in the existing plaque mass |
|
|
Term
| What types of bacteria are found in secondary colonization? How do these bacteria live? |
|
Definition
| gram-negative species, these bacteria live together taking their nutrients(amino acids and small peptides) from the saliva and gingival crevicular fluid |
|
|
Term
| Where does secondary colonization dental plaque thicken? |
|
Definition
| at the gingival margin and int he gingival sulcus |
|
|
Term
| When plaque maturation takes place what is clinically evident? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what type of bacteria is found in periodontal disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are predominant bacteria associated with? |
|
Definition
| disease progression and must be eliminated to ensure a favorable outcome with perio therapy |
|
|
Term
| What are some types of predominant bacteria? |
|
Definition
1. P. gingivalis
2. B. forsythus
3. P. intermedia |
|
|
Term
| What is the role of plaque in periodontal disease? |
|
Definition
microbes produce toxins, enzymes, and metabolic products causing direct injury to the periodontium
-acts as antigens-host response results in destruction of periodontal tissues |
|
|
