Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Week two vocabulary
Chapters 3 Reality Assumptions and 4 Inductive Arguements
39
Communication
Undergraduate 1
11/01/2014

Additional Communication Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Reality Assumptions
Definition
Are believes about what is true and factual about the world also called factual or descriptive
Term
Inductive reasoning
Definition
involves finding truth by making observations .relevant examples, controlled experiments,
Term
deductive reasoning
Definition
from one or more statements (premises) to reach a logically certain conclusion the process of inferring a conclusion by putting forth true premises in a valid format
Term
deductive arguement
Definition
formal patterns are used to reveal the logic of our reasoning
Term
Valid Arguement
Definition
An argument structured in a correct deductive format, an argument structured in such a way that its premises are true
Term
sound argument
Definition
a valid deductive argument whose premises are true
Term
syllogism
Definition
a deductive argument usually consisting of two premises and a conclusion
Term
major premise
Definition
the statement syllogism that sets forth a general principle.The major premise contains the term that is predicate of the conclusion
Term
minor premise
Definition
the statement in a syllogism that expresses an instance of the principle set out in the major premise. The minor premise contains the term that is the subject in the conclusion
Term
conclusion
Definition
in deductive reasoning the inference drawn from the major and minor premises of a syllogism
Term
Categorical statement
Definition
A statement in which members of one class are said to be included in another class. The statement may be used as the major premise of a syllogis
Term
Conditional syllogism
Definition
in deductive reasoning,a syllogism whose major premise asserts that if the condition cited in the first part of a statement is true then the claim cited in the second part of the statement will follow
Term
Modus ponens
Definition
A valid conditional hypothetical syllogism in which the antecedent is affirmed
Term
Hypothetical syllogism
Definition
presents a condition or a possibility so that a valid conclusion a can follow then that condition is formed into a denial
Term
Modus tollens
Definition
a valid conditional /hypothetical syllogism in which the consequent is denied
Term
chain argument
Definition
a form of argument that builds and depends on a series of conditions being met
Term
disjuctive syllogism
Definition
a hypothetical syllogism in which two possibilities are given in the major premise and one is assumed to be necessrily true
Term
argument by element
Definition
a valid syllogism that seeks to logically rule out various possibilities until only one single possibility remains
Term
Enthymeme
Definition
A syllogism with a key part or parts implied rather that directly stated
Term
grounds
Definition
evidence offered to prove a (claim any kind)
Term
steriotyping
Definition
classifying people, places, or things according to common traits
Term
Premise of contention
Definition
the premise of a deduction argument that is under dispute. This is also called the contentous premise
Term
induction
Definition
often called inductive reasoning,the process of drawing generalizations from known facts or research to give strength and support to conclusion
Term
statistical evidence
Definition
data collected by polling and research studies that can be used to make statistical generalizations
Term
statistical generaliations
Definition
inferences drawn from statistical evidence that are used to give strength to inductive arguements
Term
character of interest
Definition
The specific question that a researcher seeks to answer concerning a given population
Term
target population
Definition
the group about which a researcher wishes to generalize
Term
sample
Definition
members of the target population who are studied by a researcher
Term
representative
Definition
a quality of research sample in which the sample has the same significant characteristics in the same porportion as the target population
Term
biase
Definition
a sample that does not reflect a random representative population.A biased sample does not provide adequate evidence to support a conclusion
Term
Randomness
Definition
a condition that allows every member of a target population to have an equal chance of being chosen as part of the sample
Term
Causal Generalizations
Definition
they state that a particular factor is responsible for a specific effect. these generalizations are used to strengthen inductive arguments
Term
neccesary conditions
Definition
a condition, state of affair ,thing, or process, that must be present if a particular effect is present, if the necessary condition absent then the affect cannot occur
Term
sufficient condition
Definition
a condition that automatically leads to the production of another event. if the condition is present then the effect will defintnetly occur
Term
multiple causes
Definition
a combination of causes that are presumed to lead to a specific effect
Term
immediate causes
Definition
a casual factor that immediately procede the effect
Term
remote causes
Definition
factors or conditions that lead up to but did not immediately proceed the effect
Term
method of agreement
Definition
a theory of causation postulating that the cause of an effect is found by noting
Term
Method of difference
Definition
A theory of causation postulating that the cause of an effect is found by noting that the only difference between the event happening or not happening is weather one element
Supporting users have an ad free experience!