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| A statement or proposition used to support a conclusion. |
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| a course of reasoning aimed at demonstrating truth or falsehood of some conclusion. Usually a philosophical text will include a set or premises that when taken together generate a conclusion. |
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| a type of reasoning that begins with a set of premises that when taken together generate a conclusion. |
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| a type of reasoning where you infer a general truth from particulars. |
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| In deductive logic, it means IF THE PREMISES ARE TRUE, then the conclusion is true. It is about the form of the arguement not it the arguement is true. |
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| In deductive logic, it means you have a valid arguement with all true premises. |
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| the degree to which an inductive arguement is likely to be true. |
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Arguement to best explanation
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| a type of non-deductive arguement that ssays one explanation is better than another because it is the simplest, easiest, and most likely explanation to fit all of the facts. A second use is given a set of theories, if the other theories are all wrong, then the one left is the best explanation left. |
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All canaries are birds.
Daffy Duck is a bird/Daffy duck is a canary |
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All Birds are canaries.
Tweety is a bird/ Tweety is a canary. |
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Every person is mortal.
Socrates is a person/ socrates is mortal |
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All humans are mortal.
Socrates is a mortal/ Socrates is a human |
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| a limited number of options(usually two) is given, while in reality there are more options. |
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arguements of this form assume that since something has not been proven false, it is therefore true.
May assume that since something has not been proven true, it is therefore false. |
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| this is hard to define, but easy to see. Basically claims that if you allow one thing to happen, then it is likely (or will) lead to something else. |
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| the author points to the disagreeable consequences of holding a paticular belief in order to show that is belief is false. |
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| loaded or emotive terms are used to attach value or moral goodness to believing the proposition. |
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| a prooposition is held to be true becaus eit is widely held to be true or is held to be true by some(usually upper crust) sector of the population. |
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| attacking the person not the argument. |
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| while sometimes it may be appropriate to cite an authority to support a point, often it is not. |
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| the size of the sample is too small to support the conclusion. |
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| Compares two things as though they are similar when in reality they are not. |
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| there is a difference between correlation and causation. |
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| the truth of the conclusion is assumed by the premises. often the conclusion is simply restated in the premises in a slightly different form. In more difficult cases, the premise is a consequence of the conclusion. |
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| the author attacks an argument which is different from, and usually weaker than, the opposition's best argument. |
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| the same word is used with two different meanings. |
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