Term
| What is the extent of violence and trauma in the United States? |
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Definition
| Violence of all forms is present in our society. Regardless of the nurses area of practice, nurses will come into contact with victims in all aspects of their life. |
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Term
| Describe commonalities in the emotional reactions of adult victims of crime, terrorism, torture, and rape |
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Definition
| Common reactions are denial, fear, anxiety, anger, powerlessness, and depression. A sense of failure and guilt is common, victims wonder what they did to cause the crime and how they might have prevented or stopped it |
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Term
| Discuss workplace violence in terms of what nurses are likely to experience. What do you think can be done about this problem? |
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Definition
| Workplace violence includes verbal abuse, sexual harassment, stalking, assault and battery, rape, and murder perpetrated by patients or their visitors, other employees, former or current partners of employees, and intruders from the outside looking for specific items, such as money or drugs |
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Term
| What are the stages of recovery from violence and trauma? |
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Definition
1. Initial disorganization
2. Struggle to adapt (recoil)
3. Reconstruction (reorganization) |
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Term
| What nursing interventions are appropriate for each stage of recovery from violence and trauma? |
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Definition
1. Impact stage = the focus in on the survivor’s need for physical safety and emotional security. Reassurance, protection from further harm, and sometimes medical care is needed. Survivors might need clear, simple directions on what to do, where to go, and what to avoid.
2. Recoil stage = Survivors need validation of their worth and rights as victims. Referrals can be made to a victim’s assistance program and for legal, insurance, or financial assistance, if needed. Support groups with other survivors can be useful
3. Reorganization stage = most survivors are able to recover and grow with minimal assistance. Long term counseling is sometimes needed to overcome anxiety, phobias, depression, suicidal ideation, or other posttraumatic symptoms. |
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Term
| How does the nature of the problem of terrorism differ from the nature of the problem of rape? |
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Definition
| Rape is an underreported crime in the United States, probably only about 33% of rapes are reported. It is estimated that 1 in 4 adult women have been raped in their lifetime |
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Term
| What is the cycle of violence for abusive relationships? |
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Definition
1. Tension Building
2. Serious battering incident
3. Honeymoon |
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Term
| What are the possible causes of sexual dysfunctions? |
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Definition
| Can occur as a result of emotional or physiologic factors, or both. |
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Term
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Definition
| A condition in which the sexual instinct is expressed in ways that are socially prohibited or unacceptable or are biologically undesirable |
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Term
| When is the nurse most likely to have contact with an individual with paraphilia? |
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Definition
| When patient is seeking inpatient treatment because of a distinct axis 1 diagnosis that does not reflect a sexual disorder. |
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Term
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Definition
| Recurrent intense sexual urges and sexually arousing fantasies involving sexual activity with children. The psychological features or motivations underlying pedophilic behavior are varied and may include impaired inhibition; social anxiety; poor self-confidence; history of being abused; cognitive disorders, and cluster A, B, and C, personality disorder traits. The goal of treatment is to stop offenses against chidren rather than to change sexual orientation |
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Term
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Definition
| Incest is pedophilia with child and adolescent relatives and involves relationships by blood, marriage (stepparents), or live-in partners. The characteristics of the perpetrator of incest are as varied as those of the pedophile. Treatment is offered to victims and spouses do not hate the abuser and do not want others to condemn them. |
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Term
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Definition
| The primary characteristics of exhibition is sexual pleasure derived from exposing one’s genitals to an unsuspecting stranger. The exhibitionist is stimulated by the effect of chocking the victim. |
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Term
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Definition
| The primary characteristic of voyeurism is sexual pleasure derived from observing unsuspecting people who are naked or undressing or who are engaged in sexual activity. |
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Term
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Definition
| The primary characteristic of fetishism is the sexual pleasure derived from inanimate objects. |
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Term
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Definition
| The primary characteristic of frotteurism is sexual pleasure derived from touching or rubbing one’s gentials against a nonconsenting individual’s thighs or buttocks. |
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Term
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Definition
| The primary characteristic of sexual masochism is the sexual pleasure derived from being humiliated, beaten, or otherwise made to suffer |
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Term
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Definition
| The primary characteristic of sexual sadism is sexual pleasure derived from inflicting psychological or physical suffering on another. |
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Term
| Medications for men with arousal disorders |
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Definition
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Term
| Medications for pedophiles |
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Definition
| Provera and LPA (luteinizing inhibiting hormone) |
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Term
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Definition
Citalopram
Escitalopram
Fluoxetine (Prozac)
Fluvoxamine
Paroxetine (Paxil)
Sertraline (Zoloft)
Viibryd (Vilazodone) |
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Term
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Definition
Desvenlafaxine (Pristiq)
Duloxetine (Cymbalta)
Milnacipran (Savella)
Velafaxine (Effexor) |
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Term
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Definition
Isocarboxazid (Marplan)
Phenelzine (Nardil)
Tranylcypromine (Parnate) |
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Term
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Definition
Amitriptyline (Elavil)
Amoxapine (Asendin)
Desipramine
Imipramine (Tofranil) |
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Term
| What is the highest risk for childhood onset psychiatric disorders? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the symptoms of Major depressive disorder for children? |
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Definition
-Episode lasts on average 7 to 9 months
-Clinical features similar to adults |
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Term
| What is the length of the average period of a dysthymic period in children? |
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Definition
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Term
| What pharmacologic treatment for children? |
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Definition
-Prozac: only FDA approved depression treatment for children
-Zoloft
-TCAs are not drug of choice (higher toxicity risk)
-Side effects: SSRIs behavioral activation (restlessness, hypomania, insomnia, suicidal thought, inhibition) |
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Term
| What is the pharnacologic treatment for anxiety in chidren? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the pharmacologic treatment for bipolar disorder in children? |
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Definition
-Risperidone (10-17 years)
-Ariprazole (11-17)
-Lithium (12 and up) |
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Term
| What is the most commonly diagnosed behavioral disorder in children? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the DSM-IV Criteris for ADHD? |
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Definition
| 6 or more symptoms of: inattention, hyperactivity-impulsivity that have persisted for at least 6 months to a degree that is maladaptive and inconsistent with developmental level |
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Term
| What is the pharmacologic treatment for ADHD? |
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Definition
-Methylphenidate (Ritalin, Metadate, Concerta)
-Amphetamine (Adderall)
-Dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine)
-Atomoxetine (Strattera) |
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Term
| What drugs are used for autism spectrum disorders? |
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Definition
-Antimanic
-Antidepressants
-Antianxiety
-Alpha 2 antagonists
-Atypical Antipsychotics |
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Term
| Statistically who is at a greater risk for an eating disorder? |
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Definition
| Athletes, girls, adolescents |
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Term
| What the current theories for the cause of anorexia? |
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Definition
-Biologic: Not enough serotonin in brain
-Sociocultural: American culture stressed the importance of physical attractiveness in obtaining approval and, because of the thin beauty ideal; some girls believ that thinness will lead to approval
-Family factors: emotional restraint, enmeshed relationships, rigid organization in the family, tight control of child behavior by parents, and avoidance of conflict
-Cognitive behavorial: rejecting food and losing weight might be reinforced by positive attention from others
-Psychodynamic factors: The is a role of sexuality in AN-ED is r/t sexual abuse, and theory includes want to regress to prepubescent state, with also need for control |
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Term
| What is the DSM-IV criteria for anorexia nervosa? |
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Definition
-Refusal to maintain weight within a normal range for height and age (more than 15 percent below ideal body weight)
-Fear of weight gain
-Severe body image disturbance in which body image is the predominant measure of self-worth with denial of the seriousness of the illness
-Absence of the menstrual cycle or amenorrhea |
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Term
| What drug is used to promote weight gain in patients with eating disorders, but research is lacking about effectiveness? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-Episodes of binge eating with a sense of loss of control
-Binge eating is followed by compensatory behavior of the purging type or nonpurging type (excessive exercise, strict diet)
-Must occur a minimum of 2-3 times a week for 3 months |
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Term
| What is the DSM criteria for binge eating disorders? |
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Definition
Must have at least 3 of the 5 criteria:
-Eating much more rapidly than normal
-Eating until uncomfortably full
-Eating large amounts of food when not feeling physically hungry
-Eating alone becaues of embarassment
-Feeling disgusted, depressed or very guilty over eating |
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Term
| PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder) |
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Definition
| A psychological reaction occurring after experiencing a highly stressing event that is usually characterized by depression, anxiety, flashbacks, recurrent nightmares, and avoidance of reminders of the event |
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Term
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Definition
Delay may stretch out over decades due to one of the following:
-May take time for the trauma of war to surface
-Some may "fight" the symptoms or self-medicate due to the stigma of mental illness
-Physical or other mental health problems may obscure PTSD |
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Term
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Definition
-Reexperiencing event
-Hyperarousal: hypervigilance or exaggerated startle reflex
-Avoidance of trauma-related thoughts or activities |
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Term
| Mild TBI (traumatic brain injury) |
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Definition
| Loss of conciousness for less than 30 minutes with posttraumatic amnesia lasting less than 24 hours. |
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Term
| Moderate TBI (Traumatic brain injury) |
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Definition
| Loss of conciousness for more than 1 hours and posttraumatic amnesia lasting more than 24 hours. |
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Term
| Traumatic brain injury (TBI) |
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Definition
| Head injuries caused by blunt trauma or acceleration/deceleration (blast) forces that manifest in one or more of the way outliine for a criteria for mild TBI |
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Term
| Psychopharmacology for PTSD |
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Definition
SSRIs are usually effective
-Paroxetine and sertraline most often prescribed
-Antipsychotics and mood stabilizers sometimes supplement SSRIs |
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Term
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Definition
| forcible penetration of body by perpetrator's penis, fingers, or objects without consent |
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Term
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Definition
| Any form of forced sexual contact that does not involve penetration |
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Term
| What do Sexual assault nurses do (SANE)? |
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Definition
| Provide empathy, support, and information while collecting evidence and provide information adn help with finding shelter. |
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