Term
|
Definition
| Progesterone agonist that can be administered either by oral or intrauterine routes. Serious ADR include venous thrombosis, myocardial infarction, and pelvic inflammatory disease and ectopic pregnancy with intrauterine devices. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| MOA: Selective inhibitor of type I and II isoformas of 5--alpha-reductase; suppresses serum dihydrotestosterone levels by inhibiting the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone. USE: BPH and male pattern bladness. Caution in liver dysfunction, monitor LFT's. ADR: Sexual dysfunction, gynecomastia, testicular pain, anxiety and depression, pregnancy category X, increased risk of prostate and male breast CA. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An antiandrogen used to treat prostate cancer. This drug is not a steroid but acts as a competitive antagonist with testosterone at the androgen receptor sites. This prevents testosterone from allowing cells in the prostate to grow or proliferate. ADR include gynecomastia, urine discoloration (bue-green-orange), swelling of hands and feet, confusion, drowsiness, and reversible hepatic toxicity. This drug may also be used in women who have an excess of andorogen hormone such as polycystic ovarian syndrome. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pharmacologic antagonist at the steroid receptor. Strong antiprogestin acivity. High doses exert antiglucocorticoid activity by blocking the glucocorticoid receptor which inevitably results in inhibition of glucocorticoid receptor activation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Causes generalized clucocorticoid resistance. Used with inoperable patients with ectopic ACTH secretion or adrenal carcinoma who have failed to respond to other therapeutic manipulations. |
|
|
Term
| Mifeprostone : Use as progesterone inhibitor |
|
Definition
| Binds strongly to progesterone receptor and inhibits activity. Major use thus far is to terminate early pregnancies. Major AE: prolonged bleeding. This drug is only administered by physicians and family planning centers. |
|
|
Term
| Triamcinolone Pharmacokinetics |
|
Definition
| Dosed-Intra-articular, intranasal, topical. Metabolized by liver. Excreted- kidney. Elimination half life 2-3 hours. |
|
|
Term
| Triamcinolone Clinical Use |
|
Definition
| Corticosteroid, anti-inflammatory agents used to treat a variety of clinical conditions, asthma, various allergy disorders, and autoimmune disorders, skin disorders. |
|
|
Term
| Triamcinolone long term exposure |
|
Definition
| Cushingoid appearance, muscle wasting and weakness, hypertension, hyperglycemia, subcapsulary cataracts and glaucoma, osteoporosis, psychosis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Anti-inflammatory effects result from decreased formation, release and activity of the mediators of inflammation (eg, kinins, histamine, prostaglandins, leukotrienes) which reduce inflammatory process. The immunosuppressive properties decrease the response to delayed and immediate hypersensitivity reactions. The antiproliferative effects reduce hyperplastic tissue characteristic of psoriasis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A short- to medium-acting glucocorticoid. Well absorded after PO administion. Binds to intercellular receptors and produces the same effects as endogenous glucorticoids (cortisol). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Long term use: Cushing's syndrome, glaucoma, HTN, hypokalemia, adrenal suppression, growth suppression in kids. Short term use: less common, insomnia, behavioral changes, peptic ulcers. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| MOA: Partial agonist at estrogen receptorsIncreases secretion of gonadotropins and estrogens by inhibiting estradiol's negative feedback on gonadotropins. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Clinical use: Patients treatment of ovulation disorders in patients who whish to become pregnant.Effects: stimullates ovulation in women with oligomenorrhea, amenorrhea and ovulatory disfunction (mostly pt suffering from polycistic ovarian syndrome). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ADS:mild hot flushes (dissapear when drug is discontinued).Ovarian enlargement and visual disturbances has been reported.Contraindications:special precautions in women with enlarged ovaries (treatment with Clomiphene may be associated with increase low grade risk for ovarian cancer.However evidence is not conclusive). Pt. who experience visual disturbances should use caution when driving. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1st line defense of ER positive breast CA or used after 5 years of therapy with tamoxifen in early breast cancers. Used with post-menopausal women. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| MOA- selective aromatase inhibitor- aromatase converts adrenal androgen to estrogens and ihibition of this reduces estrogen production in the peripheral tissues. It starves the tumor cells to decrease growth and sometimes tumor death all together. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ADR's- myalgias, nausea, cough,hot flashes and osteoporosis. Rarely thromboembolisms. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Avid form of vitamin A or retinoids acid. Used topically to treat acne, keratosis Polaris, to slow skin aging and for stretch marks. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor that blocks the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotesterone, which is the androgen responsible for androgenic alopecia in genetically predisposed men |
|
|
Term
| Finasteride Pharmakinetics |
|
Definition
| Orally, 1mg/d promotes hair growth and prevents further hair loss. Treatment of 3-6 months is necessary too see results |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Prevent hair loss and promote hair growth in men with alopecia. There is no data to support that Finasteride will help women with alopecia. |
|
|
Term
| Finasteride Adverse Effects |
|
Definition
| decreased libido, ejaculation disorders, erectile dysfunction, which usually resolve in most men who remain on the therapy, and all men who discontinue it. Pregnant women should not handle or be expose to it. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Trade name - Compound W, Mediplast, Avosil Use - Acne, Blemishes, Warts,corns, calluses, Psoriasis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Topical - a monohydroxybenzoic acid that facilitates desquamation & solubilses the intercellular cement allowing water penetration, loosening keratin, & causing epidermal maceration without total tissue destruction. This antifungal action occurs because the stratum corneum suppresses fungal growth & aids in the pentration of other antifungal agents and has a mild antiseptic action. It is also a metabolite in Aspirin. |
|
|
Term
| Salicylic Acid Adverse Effects & Pharm. |
|
Definition
| Erythema, Pruritis, Dermatitis, Burning sensation or stinging of skin, toxicity, do not use on children <2 yrs or diabetics, avoid contact to eyes - Pharm - superficial tissues for approx. 2 hrs. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A steroid medicaion that redecues inflamaion by altering cellular protein producion, which modifies gene expression. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Used to treat many different inflamatory disorders: ulcerative colitis, arthritis, lupus, psoriasis, inflamatroy skin and respritroy diseases. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
CNS:Insomnia, euphoria followed by depression
GI:stiumlates gastric acid secretion and decresis resistance to ulcer formaion
Skin:vasoconstricion, reduces capillary permeablilty by reducing histamine
Renal: Na retension and K secretion. It can inhibit LH, TSH, and growth hormone release |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| acts as a competitive antagonist at the androgen receptor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Prostatic carcinoma: administration causes some improvement in most patients who have not had prior endocrine therapy. Preliminary studies indicate usefulness in the management of excess androgen effect in women. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gynecomastia, occasionally causes mild reversible hepatic toxicity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inhibits the enzyme aromatase which is partially responsible for conversion of precursors to estrogen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| slowing of disease progression in women with advanced breast cancer by lowering levels of circulating estrogen with may halt progression of estrogen sensitive breast cancer. decreased risk of recurrence/metastatic disease. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| anxiety, depression, dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue, HA, weakness, coughing, nausea,, hot flashes, increased sweating, hypercholesterolemia, weightr gain, musculoskeletal pain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A partial agonist; competitively binds to estrogen receptors, which creates more unbound estrogen, which produces an increase in the secretion of leuteinizing hormone – releasing hormone (LH-RH) and follicle stimulating hormone, releasing FSH –RH, and gonadotropins LH and FSH. In short, it increases gonadotropins and estrogens by decreasing estradiol’s negative feedback affect on gonadotropins. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Male or female infertility, hormone (estrogen replacement), hypothalamic amenorrhea, in vitro fertilization, male hypogonadism, pubertal gynecomastia, and residual ovary syndrome. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Clomiphene Side-Effects – Mostly hot flashes, but also headache, constipation, allergic skin reaction, and reversible hair loss. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Also known as retinoic acid, is the acid form of vitamin A and formed by the oxidation of the alcohol group |
|
|
Term
| Tretinoin Pharmacokinetics |
|
Definition
| Insoluble in water but soluble in many organic solvents. Applied topically, most remains in epidermis with less than 10% absorption in circulation. Metabolized in liver, excreted in bile and urine. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Stabilizes lysosomes, increases ribonucleic acid polymerase activity, increases prostaglandin E2, cAMP, and cGMP levels, increases incorporation of thymidine into DNA. Decreases cohesion between epidermal cells and causes increased epidermal cell turnover. Results in expulsion of open comedones and transformation of closed comedones into open ones. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Causes mild peeling and slight erythema. Long term use promotes dermal collagen synthesis, new blood vessel formation, and thickening of epidermis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Apply to dry skin and avoid contact with corners of eyes, nose, mouth, and mucous membranes. Acne may be aggravated in first 4-6 weeks. Allow 8-12 weeks for optimal clinical improvement |
|
|
Term
| Tretinoin clinical applications |
|
Definition
| Acne, photo damaged skin, wrinkles |
|
|
Term
| Tretinoin adverse effects |
|
Definition
| Erythema, dryness (resolves with continued therapy). Avoid or minimize sun exposure and use protective sunscreen as it increases the tumorigenic potential of UV radiation. Allergic contact dermatitis is rare. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Progesterone Agonist; Active isomer of norgestrel; MOA is not clearly understood though it is thought it inhibits/delays ovulation; was thought to thicken cervical mucous or inhibition of sperm mobility but most recent research may dispute that |
|
|
Term
| Levonorgestrel Clinical Uses |
|
Definition
Intrauterine device (IUD): Prevention of pregnancy; treatment of heavy menstrual bleeding in women who also choose to use an IUD for contraception.
Oral: Emergency contraception following unprotected intercourse or possible contraceptive failure |
|
|
Term
| Levonorgestrel Adverse effects |
|
Definition
| HA; acne; uterine/vaginal bleeding; spotting; fatigue; dizziness; breast tenderness |
|
|
Term
| Levonorgesterel Brand Names |
|
Definition
| Mirena; Next Choice; One Dose; Plan B; Skyla |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Glucosteroid receptor antagonist 11beta aminophenyl-substitute 19 norsteroid called RU-486 initially proposed as a contraceptive-contragestive agent |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Exert antiglucocorticoid activity by blocking the glucocorticoid receptor
causing stabilization of the hsp-glucocorticoid receptor complex and inhibition of the dissociation of the RU-486-bound glucocorticoid receptor from the hsp chaperone proteins plus
altering the interaction of the glucocorticoid receptor with coregulators which form a transcriptionally inactive complex in the cell nucleus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mifepristone Adverse Reaction |
|
Definition
| Prolonged vaginal bleeding, headache, nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal or pelvic pain, terminates pregnancy, potentially serious to fatal infection (sepsis), Pregnancy category X |
|
|
Term
| Mifepristone Clinical Use |
|
Definition
Termination of Pregnancy through 49 days gestation age most effective when combined with prostaglandin
Reverses the cushingoid phenotype in patients with Cushing's syndrome d/t ectopic ACTH production or adrenal carcinoma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Glucocorticoid, mediated by widely distributed glucocorticoid receptors. These receptors include steroid, sterol, hyrooid, retinoic acid and other ligands. Theses receptors promote and regulate the transcription of target genes. The receptor complex is transported into the nucleus where it interacts with DNA and proteins, binds to GREs and also influences transcriptions factors such as AP1 amd MF-kB to influence transcription |
|
|
Term
| Prednisone Contraindications |
|
Definition
| Use with caution in patients with peptic ulcer, heart disease, hypertension with heart failure, varicella, TB, psychosis, diabetes, osteoporosis, or glaucoma. Pregnancy Category D |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| monitor the therapeutic effect: blood sugars, electrolytes (Na & water retention), BP, protein wasting, infections, bone density, depression, behavioral changes, and GI effects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Selective reversible aromatase inhibitor (aromatase converts androgens to estrogens) for breast cancer | ADRs: sweating, hot flashes, joint pain, fatigue | contraindicated pre-menopausal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
substituted anilide/antiandrogen
acts as a competitive antagonist at androgen receptor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Acid form of Vitamin A
Decrease cohesion of epidermal cells cuasing an increase in epidermal cell turnover.
Promote dermal collagen formation, new blood vessel formation and thickening of the epidermis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Irritation, dryness, erythema, mild peeling
increase carinogensis of UV exposure (need to apply at night and use sunscreen during day)
Worsening of acne in the first week of therapy. 6-12 weeks for max effect. (Flares of 2 weeks) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| acne, diminshes lines and wrinkles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Progestin. Available orally or Subcutaneous capsules that are implanted |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Headache, dizziness, bloating, weight gain 1-2 kg, reversible reduction of glucose tolerance. Patients experiencing headaches or visual disturbances should be checked for papilledema. |
|
|
Term
| Levonorgestrel implant disadvantages |
|
Definition
| Sub Q implant Requires surgical implantation and removal, patients may experience irregular bleeding. |
|
|
Term
| Levonorgestrel implant advantages |
|
Definition
| Sub Q implant Extremely effective, last for 2-4 years, useful in patients with hepatic disease, HTN, psychosis or mental retardation, or prior thromboembolism. Oral tabs effective for postcoital contraception. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Stabilizes lysosomes in neurtrophils. Increases antinflammatory protien lipocortin. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Edema, photosensitivity, cushings, immunosupressive |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| corticosteroid that can be given orally, by injection, inhalation, or topically. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| eczema, ulcerative colitis, psoriasis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
partial estrogen agonist that works by boosting the secretion of gonadotrophins and estrogen by hindering estradiol's negative feedback on the gonadotrophins.
The goal is to stimulate ovulation for those wanting pregnancy. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hot flashes, headaches, constipation, reversible hair loss, possible allergic skin reactions, enlarged ovaries (use caution in those who already have enlarged ovaires, visual disturbances. Can increase risk for ovarian cancer if admininstered greater than 1 year. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Facilitates desquamation by solubilizing the intercellular cement that binds scales in the stratum corneum, loosening the keratin. |
|
|
Term
| Salicylic acid (Clinical Uses) |
|
Definition
Acne - concentrations of 0.5% to 10%
Psoriasis - concentrations 3 to 6%
Wart removal - once or twice daily in concentrations of 5% to 40% for up to 12 weeks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Burning sensation, Erythema, Pruritus, Stinging of skin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Alpha Reductase Inhibitor that prevents testosterone from breaking down into DHT (Dihydrotestosterone) |
|
|
Term
| Finasteride Clinical Uses |
|
Definition
1) treatment of male pattern baldness
2) reduction in prostate size
3) treatment of hirsuitism in women |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| antiandrogenic properties cause decreased libido, ejaculation disorders and erectile dysfunction |
|
|
Term
| Mifepristone (RU-486) (MOA) |
|
Definition
| antagonist at the steroid receptor; strong antiprogestin activity by binding to progesterone receptor; long half life of 20 hours |
|
|
Term
| Mifepristone (RU-486) (Clinical Uses) |
|
Definition
| termination of early pregnancies, contraceptive, endometriosis, Cushing's syndrome, breast cancer, and other neoplasms that contain glucocorticoid or progesterone receptors |
|
|
Term
| Mifepristone (RU-486) (ADR) |
|
Definition
| abdominal pain, abnormal vaginal bleeding,uterine cramping, hypokalemia, decreased appetite, n/v, sepsis, toxic shock syndrome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Non-steroidal competitive Inhibitor of aromatase (enzyme required for estrogen synthesis) which decreases plasma estrogen levels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Breast cancer (antineoplastic agent - also effective in some women resistant to tamoxifen); ovarian and endometrial cancer (unlabeled uses) |
|
|
Term
| Significant ADRs of letrozole |
|
Definition
| Edema; HA, dizziness, fatigue; GI disturbances; arthralgias, bone pain (decreased bone mineral density), back pain, weakness; dyspnea and cough; diaphoresis; increased total cholesterol |
|
|
Term
| Pregnancy category of letrozole |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Monitor these parameters while taking letrozole |
|
Definition
| CBC, thyroid function, electrolytes, cholesterol, creatinine, and transaminases (metabolized by the liver; use with caution in hepatic impairment). Also bone density and blood pressure |
|
|
Term
| What is tretinoin used to treat? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Decrease cohesion of epidermal cells causing an increase in epidermal cell turnover. Also promotes dermal collagen formation, new blood vessel formation and thickening of the epidermis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Irritation, dryness, increase carcinogenesis of UV exposure (apply at HS, sunscreen during the day), Worsening of acne in the first weeks of therapy. Many will experience a flare at 2 weeks. |
|
|
Term
| How long for maximum effect of tretinoin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mifepristone Classification |
|
Definition
| Glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, Phamacologic antagonist at the steroid receptor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Exerts antiglucocorticoid activty by blocking the glucocorticoid receptor, actual MOA is unkown related to prevention of conception |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 20 hours - loner than many natural and synthetic glucocorticoid agonists, long half life is related to the stong binding to plasma proteins, long half life may prolong the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. |
|
|
Term
| Mifepristone Glucocorticoid Uses: |
|
Definition
| Causes generalize glucocorticoid resistance, recommended use for inoperable patienst with ectopic ACTH secretion or adrenal carinoma who have failed to respond to other treatments. Progesterone inhibition. |
|
|
Term
| Mifepristone (gonadal hormone therapy) |
|
Definition
| Estrogen & Progestrone inhibitor/antagonist |
|
|
Term
| Mifepristone MOA (Gonadal) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mifepristone Contraceptive |
|
Definition
| 600mg dose is effective for emergency postcoital contraception |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| # 1 terminate early pregnancies, endometriosis, Cushing's Syndrome, breast cancer, neoplasms such as meningiomas that contain glucocorticoid or progesterone receptors. |
|
|
Term
| ADR - pregnancy termination (abortifacient) |
|
Definition
| changes in menstrual cycle (usually only once cycle), prolonged bleeding, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal/pelvic pain, fatigue, fever |
|
|
Term
| Mifepristone Special Considerations |
|
Definition
| Only administered by physicians at family planning centers due to ADR's, not commercially utilized within the US. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Smaller doses - used for emergency contraception, Larger doses - early pregnancy termination |
|
|
Term
| prednisone long term therapy consideration |
|
Definition
| After controll achieved, use alternate day dosing for less marked adverse effects due to recovery period between each dose |
|
|
Term
| prednisone classification |
|
Definition
| short to medium-acting glucocorticoid (synthetic corticosteroid) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| anti-inflammatory oral potency (4) relative to hydrocortisone (1); salt-retaining potency (0.3) relative to hydrocortisone (1); equivalent dose (5 mg) relative to hydrocortisone (20 mg) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rapidly & completely absorbed PO; a prodrug rapidly converted to the active product prednisolone in the body; may turn off feedback loop; bind to cortisol binding globulin; enter cells as free molecules; metabolized in liver; |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bound to CBG (cortisol binding globulin) in blood but enter cell as free molecule; inside cell, associate w/ DNA & alter cellular protein production by modifying gene expression; intracellular receptors loose 2 sets of proteins after binding with steroids; the receptor/steroid complex then moves into the nucleus, binds to response element on the gene & regulates transcription (from slides) |
|
|
Term
| prednisone use in infants |
|
Definition
| Treat infants w/ congenital adrenal hyperplasia after acute adrenal crisis & once stabalized, alternate day therapy to achieve greater ACTH suppression without increased growth inhibition |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tx autoimmune disorders & inflammation involving vital organs; allergic rxns (bee stings, poisin ivy); collagen-vascular (lupus); eye (acute uveitis); GI (Inflammatory bowel disease); hematologic (acute allergic purpura); infections (suppress excessive inflammation); inflammatory conditions of bones & joints (bursitis); neurologic (MS); organ transplants (prevent rejection); pulmonary (aspiration pneumonia); renal (nephrotic syndrome); skin (seborrheic dermatitis); thyroid (subacute thyroiditis); misc (mountain sickness) |
|
|
Term
| prednisone contraindications |
|
Definition
| peptic ulcer; heart disease; htn with heart failure; certain infectious illnes (varicella, Tb); psychosis; diabetes; osterporosis; glaucoma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| insomnia; behavioral changes (hypomania); acute peptic ulcer; acute pancreatitis (w/ high dose) |
|
|
Term
| prednisone ADR w/ long term therapy (>2 weeks) |
|
Definition
| iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome; moonface; redistribute fat from extremities to trunk, back of neck, & supraclavicular fossae; increased fine hair over face, thighs, & trunk; acne; increased appetite; thin skin; diabetes (anti-insulin effect, hyperglycemia); poor wound healing; easy bruising; euphoria (or depression, psychosis or emotional lability); htn; osteoporsis; SERIOUS= peptic ulcers; mask bacterial & mycotic infections; myopathy; nausea; dizziness; weight loss; glaucoma; growth retardation in children; WITH LARGE DOSES= Na+ & fluid retention, loss of K+; hypokalemic/hypochloremic alkalosis leading in increased BP; edema in renal or liver disease; heart failure |
|
|
Term
| prednisone considerations |
|
Definition
| Therapy for > 2 weeks may lead to adrenal suppression so need supplemental therapy in times of stress. Taper dose slowly (2-12 months) or may see anorexia; N/V; wt loss; lethargy; HA; fever; joint/ muscle pain; or postural hypotension |
|
|
Term
| Levonorgestrel Advantages |
|
Definition
Suited for use in patients for whom estrogen administration is undesirable.
The delivery of low level hormones has little effect on lipoprotein and carbohydrate metabolism or blood pressure. |
|
|
Term
| Levonorgestrel Disadvantages |
|
Definition
There is a high incidence of abnormal bleeding.
The need for surgical insertion and removal of capsules an dsome irregular bleeding rather than predictable menses. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Patients experiencing headache or visual disturbances should be checked for papilledema. Other side effects include: dizziness, bloating and weight gain of 1-2 kg, and a reversible reduction of glucose tolerance. |
|
|
Term
| Levonorgestrel Considerations |
|
Definition
| Useful in patients with hepatic disease, hypertension, psychosis or mental retardation, or prior thromboembolism. |
|
|
Term
| Levonorgestrel systemic agent |
|
Definition
| Switched from prescription to OTC status by the FDA for the indication of emergency contraception in 2006. Product example "Plan B One-Step" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Substitued anilide, potent antiandrogen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Prostatic carcinoma, in patients who have not had prior endocrine therapy. Rsearch also showing could be useful in management of excess androgen in women |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Competetive antagonist at the androgen receptor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Frequently causes mild gynecomastia, and can occasionally cause reversible hepatic toxicity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Intermediate-acting, synthetic corticosteriod |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mediated by glucocorticoid receptors (proteins), which then interact with promoters and transcriptors of the target gene to decrease inflammation through action on prostaglandins, kinins, histamine, liposomal enzymes, and the complement system. |
|
|
Term
| Triamcinolone routes of administration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Triamcinolone Pharmacokinetics |
|
Definition
| Metabolized in the liver. ~60% plasma bound. |
|
|
Term
| Name two uses for Finasteride |
|
Definition
| Treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia and androgenic alopecia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Competitively and specifically inhibits 5α-reductase, the enzyme responsible for metabolizing testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT). DHT is the potent androgen
responsible for enlargement of the prostate gland, as well as androgenic alopecia (male-pattern balding). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Decreased libido, ejaculation disorders and erectile dysfunction. A serious side effect is neoplasm of the male breast tissue. |
|
|
Term
| Is continued treatment necessary to maintain the effects of finasteride on hair loss? |
|
Definition
| Yes, finasteride must be used for at least 3-6 months to see increased hair growth, and must be continued to sustain the benefits. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| partial agonist of estrogen receptors, this inhibits the action of stronger estrogens. This leads to an increase in gonadotropins by inhibiting estradiol's negative feedback effect. This stimulates ovulation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Used to stimulate ovulation in those who wish to get pregnant |
|
|
Term
| Clomiphene adverse effects |
|
Definition
| Hot flahses, headache, constipation, reversable hair loss |
|
|
