Term
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Definition
| elongated, rodlike body of the clavicle |
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Term
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Definition
| where the end of the clavicle articulates with the manubrium (sternum) |
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Term
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Definition
| where the end of the clavicle articulates with the acromion of the scapula |
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Term
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Definition
| The lateral extension of the spine of the scapula that projects as a broad flattened process overhanging the glenoid fossa; it articulates with the clavicle and gives attachment to part of the deltoid muscles. Its lateral border is a palpable landmark (“the point of the shoulder”). |
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Term
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Definition
| long, curved projection resembling a flexed finger arising from the neck of the scapula overhanging the glenoid cavity; it gives attachment to the short head of the biceps, the coracobrachialis, and the pectoralis minor muscles, and the conoid and coracoacromial ligaments |
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Term
| True (vertebrocostal) ribs |
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Definition
| 1st-7th ribs. Attach directly to the sternum through their own costal cartilages |
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Term
| False (vertebrochondral) ribs |
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Definition
| 8th, 9th, and usually 10th ribs. Cartilages are connected to the cartilage of the rib above them, thus their connection to the sternum is indirect |
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Term
| Floating (vertebral, free) ribs |
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Definition
| 11th, 12th, and sometimes 10th ribs. Cartilages do not even connect directly with the sternum but end in the posterior abdominal musculature |
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Term
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Definition
| the cartilage forming the anterior continuation of a rib, providing the means by which it reaches and articulates with the sternum. |
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Term
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Definition
| that portion of the inferior aperture (opening) of the thorax formed by the articulated cartilages of the seventh to tenth (false) ribs. |
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Term
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Definition
| an interval between the ribs, occupied by intercostal muscles, veins, arteries, and nerves |
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Term
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Definition
| Widest, thickest, and the superior part of the sternum |
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Term
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Definition
| flat, elongated bone that forms the middle of the anterior part of the thoracic cage |
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Term
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Definition
| longer, narrower and thinner than the manubrium, and is located at the level of the T5-T9 vertebrae |
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Term
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Definition
| smallest part of the sternum, thin, elongated, and its inferior end lies at the level of T10 vertebra. |
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Term
| jugular (suprasternal) notch |
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Definition
| easily palpated concave center of the superior border of the manubrium |
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Term
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Definition
| projection formed by the manubriosternal joint (where the body and manubrium meet) |
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Term
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Definition
| Where the xiphoid process connects to the sternal body |
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Term
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Definition
| the joints between the cartilages of the first seven ribs and the sternum |
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Term
| What part of the sternum do each rib articulate? |
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Definition
| 1st rib with manubrium, 2nd rib with sternal angle, 3rd to 7th ribs with body |
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Term
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Definition
| articulates with vertebral column |
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Term
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Definition
| anterior end that articulates with its costal cartilage |
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Term
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Definition
| region above the upper border of the clavicle |
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Term
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Definition
| region below the lower border of the clavicle |
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Term
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Definition
| region immediately below the lower end of the palpable sternum |
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Term
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Definition
| midline of the anterior chest wall |
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Term
| left sternal border (LSB) |
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Definition
| lateral to the left border of the sternum |
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Term
| right sternal border (RSB) |
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Definition
| lateral to the right broder of the sternum |
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Term
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Definition
| vertical line that passes through the midpoint of the clavicle, at its bend between the convex and concave areas. It commonly passes through the medial side of the nipple |
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Term
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Definition
| extends inferiorly from the anterior axillary (underarm) fold (lateral edge of the pectoralis major muscle) along the lateral chest wall |
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Term
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Definition
| extends inferiorly from the posterior axillary (underarm) fold (lateral edge of the latissimus dorsi msucle) along the lateral chest wall |
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Term
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Definition
| extends from the middle of the axilla (underarm, armpit) inferiorly along the middle of the lateral chest wall |
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Term
| Anterior and Posterior landmarks of T2 vertebral level |
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Definition
| Anterior is suprasternal notch, Posterior is T2 spinous process |
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Term
| Anterior and posterior landmarks of T4 vertebral level |
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Definition
| Anterior is sternal angle, posterior is T4 spinous process |
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Term
| Anterior and posterior landmarks of T9 vertebral level |
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Definition
| anterior is xiphisternal junction, posterior is T9 spinous process |
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Term
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Definition
| the greatest prominence of the breast |
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Term
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Definition
| circular pigmented area of skin that surrounds the nipple |
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Term
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Definition
| A small part of the mammary gland that extends along the inferolateral edge of the pectoralis major toward the axillary fossa (armpit) |
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Term
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Definition
| Usually result from blows or crushing blows. Most common fractures are to the middle ribs. Weakest part of a rib is just anterior to its angle. |
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Term
| Ossification of the xiphoid process |
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Definition
| People in their 40s first become aware of their partly ossified xiphoid process and incorrectly fear they have a tumor |
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Term
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Definition
| when the sternum is divided (split) in the median plane and retracted to allow access to the thoracic cavity for surgical operations in the mediastinum |
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Term
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Definition
| Displacement of a costal cartilage from the sternum (dislocation of a sternocostal joint or the displacement of the interchondral joints). |
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Term
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Definition
| Dislocation of the costochondral junction between the rib and its costal cartilage |
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Term
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Definition
| Half of the diaphragm can become paralyzed without affecting the other half. This can be detected radiographically by noting its paradoxical movement. |
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Term
| What are the four breast quadrants? |
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Definition
| superior medial, superior lateral, inferior medial, and inferior lateral |
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Term
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Definition
| Where most of lymphatic drainage of the breast goes to |
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Term
| Lymph nodes where breast cancers can metastasize |
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Definition
| axillary, cervical, parasternal, supraclavicular, opposite breast, abdomen lymph nodes |
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Term
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Definition
| Accessory nipples that can develop superior or inferior to the normal pair, occasionally developing in the axillary fossa or anterior abdominal wall |
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Term
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Definition
| either the left or right functional half of the diaphragm. Although the diaphragm is a single anatomic unit, it is divided by the union of its central tendon and the pericardium into separate leaves, each with its own nerve supply, and each hemidiaphragm can function independently |
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Term
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Definition
| a sharp bend between the transverse and the descending colon in the left upper quadrant of humans |
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Term
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Definition
| a sharp bend between the transverse and the descending colon in the left upper quadrant of humans |
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Term
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Definition
| radiologically, the composite shadow of the main pulmonary arteries, veins, and lymph nodes in the lung root adjacent to the anatomic hilum (which is a wedge-shaped depression on the mediastinal surface of each lung, where the bronchus, blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics enter or leave the viscus) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the contour of the aortic arch protruding from the mediastinal silhouette in an anteroposterior (AP) radiograph of the chest. |
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Term
| What to look for in lung fields in a PA chest film of lungs? |
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Definition
| Lung fields should be of equal transradiancy and one should not be any whiter or darker than the other. One of the first signs of lung disease is loss of volume of that lung and so you need to determine whether either of the lung fields are smaller than they should be. |
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Term
| What to look for in hilum of lungs in a PA chest film? |
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Definition
| The left hilum should be higher than the right hilum, and they should look similar to each other. |
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Term
| What to look for in heart of a PA chest film? |
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Definition
| Check that heart is of normal shape and that the maximum diameter is less than half of the transthoracic diameter |
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Term
| What to look for in mediastinum of PA chest film? |
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Definition
| The edge of the mediastinum should be clear. A fuzzy edge suggests a problem with the neighboring lung (i.e., collapse). |
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Term
| What to look for in diaphragm in a PA chest film? |
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Definition
| The right diaphragm should be higher than the left and this can be remembered by thinking of the heart pushing the left diaphragm down. The outline of the diaphragm should be smooth |
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Term
| What to look for in costophrenic angle in a PA chest film? |
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Definition
| They should be well-defined acute angles. |
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Term
| What to look for in trachea in a PA chest film? |
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Definition
| This should be central but deviated slightly to the right around the aortic knuckle. The aortic knuckle is the contour of the aortic arch protruding from the mediastinal silhouette. If the trachea has been shifted it suggests a problem within the mediastinum or pathology within one of the lungs. |
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Term
| What to look for in bones in a PA chest film? |
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Definition
| Look at the ribs, scapulae and vertebrae. Follow the edges of each individual bone to look for fractures. Look for areas of blackness within each bone and compare the density of the bones which should be the same on both sides. |
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Term
| What to look for in soft tissue in a PA chest film? |
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Definition
| Look for any enlargement of soft tissue areas. |
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Term
| What to look for in area under the diaphragm in a PA chest film? |
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Definition
| Look for air under the diaphragm or obviously dilated loops of bowel. Abdominal pathology can occasionally present with chest symptoms. |
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Term
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Definition
| A rib fracture is a crack or break in one of the bones of the thoracic cage. A break in the cartilage that connects the ribs to the sternum may also be called a fractured rib, even if the bone itself is not broken. |
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Term
| Sternomanubrial dislocation |
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Definition
| There is posterior dislocation of the body of the sternum in relation to the manubrium of the sternum |
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Term
| cranio-caudal view (CC) mammogram |
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Definition
| taken from above a horizontally-compressed breast (bird's eye view): this view will show as much as possible of the glandular tissue (ducts and lobes), the surrounding fatty tissue and the outermost edge of the chest muscle. The nipple will be shown in profile. The CC view can't capture much of the breast tissue that is in the armpit and upper chest. |
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Term
| mediolateral-oblique view (MLO) of mammogram |
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Definition
| taken from the side and at an angle of a diagonally-compressed breast: the angle of an MLO allows more of the breast tissue to be imaged (it covers the main area of the breast) as well as the tissue in the armpit. It will show glandular as well as fatty tissue, and it gives a larger area than a CC view. |
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Term
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Definition
| Calcium deposits within breast tissue. They appear as white spots or flecks on a mammogram. They are usually noncancerous (benign), but certain patterns of calcifications — such as tight clusters with irregular shapes — may indicate breast cancer |
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Term
| Key characteristic of fibroadenoma |
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Definition
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