Term
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Definition
special organic constituents that prevented certain of the classical human diseases of that time.
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Term
What is the difference between fat soluble and water soluble vitamins?
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Definition
Fat-soluble vitamins are digested and absorbed using the same mechanisms as dietary fat, and their metabolites are excreted primarily in the feces through the bile.
Water-soluble vitamins are absorbed in the small intestine and are excreted in the urine. Fat vitamins are more toxic. Since fat-soluble vitamins can be stored, deficiencies develop more slowly in animals than water-soluble vitamin deficiencies.
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Term
Describe fat soluble vitamins
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Definition
Fat-soluble vitamins are digested and absorbed using the same mechanisms as dietary fat, and their metabolites are excreted primarily in the feces through the bile.
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Term
Name the fat soluble vitamins and their chemical names
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Definition
Vitamin A, Retinol
Vitamin D, Ergocalciferol, Cholecalciferol
Vitamin E, Tocopherol
Vitamin K, Phylloquinone
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Term
Name the water soluble vitamins and their chemical names
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Definition
B complex
B1, Thiamin
B2, Riboflavin, Nicotinamide
B6, Pyridoxine, Pantothenic acid, Biotin, Folic acid, Choline
B12, Cyanocobalamin
C, Ascorbic acid
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Term
For each of the following fat soluble vitamins: A, D, E, K
a. Name their forms
b. Describe their functions
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Definition
Vitamin A- Retinol, Retinal, Retinoic acid, beta-carotene; normal night vision, lining the respiratory and digestive cavities, skin, urogenital regions, normal bone growth
Vitamin D- Ergocalciferol, Cholecalciferol; absorption of calcium in the bone and intestines
Vitamin E- tocopherols and tocotrienols; potent antioxidant- combat free radicals in cells
Vitamin K- quinones- phyllo and mena; blood clotting
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Term
What are the three layers of the eye?
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Definition
Fibrous, vascular and retina
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Term
How does light enter the eye?
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Definition
cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor, retina
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Term
What is the function of rods? Cones?
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Definition
Rods- allow an animal to process black and white images in dim light, cones- allow and animal to process color images
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Term
What is rhodopsin and what is it made up of?
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Definition
A light sensitive pigment that enables the eye to adapt to changes in light intensity, retinol and opsin
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Term
Which animal has the highest amount of vitamin A stored in their liver? Lowest stored?
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Definition
Highest- soup-fin shark, lowest- pig
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Term
What are the two forms of vitamin D?
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Definition
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Term
What is the active form of vitamin D called? What is the function of this form?
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Definition
Calcitrol, promotes absorption of calcium in bone and intestines
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Term
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Definition
Group of vitamins and or enzymes that defend against free radicals
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Term
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