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| The process of calculating one's current position by using a previously determined position, or fix, and advancing that position based upon known or estimated speeds over elapsed time, and course |
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| A unit of speed equal to one nautical mile (1.852 km) per hour, approximately 1.151 mph. The ISO Standard symbol for the knot is kn. |
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| The orientation of an imaginary line joining one point to another without regard to the distance between them. |
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| As applied to marine navigation, the direction of travel through the water; the direction in which a vessel is being steered ro going to be steered. |
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| The direction in which a ship points or heads at any instant, expressed in angular units. |
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| The intended (anticipated, desired) direction of movement with respect to the Earth. |
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| The actual path of a vessel with respect to the Earth. |
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| The rate of movement and in navigation is usually measured in knots ( kn or kt) |
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| The speed intended to be made good whne planning a voyage. |
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| The vessel's actual speed ( in relation to Earth), determined by calculation (dividing the distance traveled by the elapsed time between successive fixes) |
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| The single resultant speed form a given point of departure to a subsequent position; the speed of the net movement from one point to the other. |
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| Usually applied to the upper branch of the half-circle from pole to pole which passes through a given point. |
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| A great circle midway between the poles. |
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| The angular distance form the equator, measured northward or southward along a meridian from 0 degrees at the equator to 90 degrees at the poles. |
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| Difference of Latitude (l, Dlat.) |
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| The angular length of arc of any meridian between their parallels. |
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| The angular distance between the prime meridian and the meridian of a point on the Earth, measured eastward or westward from the prime meridian through 180 degrees. |
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| The difference of longitude (Dlo) |
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| The shorter arc of the parallel or the smaller angle at the pole between the meridians of the two places. |
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| The distance between two meridians at any parallel latitude, expressed in the distance units, usually nautical miles. |
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| The direction intended to made good over the ground. |
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| The direction of one terrestial point to another, expressed as angular distance from 000 degrees (North) clockwise through 360 degrees. |
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| A rotationally symmetric ellipsoid having a polar axis shorter than the diameter of the equatorial circle whose plane bisects it. |
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| The center around which something rotates. |
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| The two opposite points on the earth's surface through which its axis passes. |
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A circle on the surface of a sphere that lies in a plane passing through the sphere's center. As it represents the shortest distance between any two points on a sphere, a great circle of the earth is the preferred route taken by a ship or aircraft; the shortest path between two points along the surface of a sphere.
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| A curve that crosses each meridian at the same angle. |
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| The intersection of a plane with the surface of a sphere. |
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