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Week 1 Key Terms 2011
Introduction to Micrbiology
31
Microbiology
Not Applicable
12/12/2013

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Term
Animalia
Definition
The kingdom composed of multicellular eukaryotes lacking cell walls
Term
Antibiotic
Definition
An antimicrobial agent, usually produced naturally by a bacterium or fungus
Term
Aseptic Techniques
Definition
Lab techniques used to minimize contamination
Term
Axial Filament
Definition
The structure of motility found in spirochetes; also called endoflagellum
Term
Bacteria
Definition
Domain of prokaryotic organisms, characterized by peptidoglycan cell walls
Term
Binary Fission
Definition
Prokaryotic cell reproduction by division into two daughter  cells
Term
Binomial Nomenclature
Definition
The system of having two names (genus and specfic epithet) for each organism; also called scientific nomenclature 
Term
Biogenesis
Definition
The theory that living cells arise only from preexisting cells
Term
Cell Therapy
Definition
All living organisms are composed of cells and arise from preexisting cells
Term
Enteric
Definition
The common name for bacteria in the family Enterobacteriaceae
Term
Enterotoxin
Definition
An exotoxin that causes gastroenteritis, such as produced by Staphylococcus, Vibro, and Escherichia
Term
Eukarya
Definition
All eukaryotes (animals, plants, fungi, and protists); members of the Domain Eukarya
Term
Eukaryote
Definition
A cell having DNA inside a distinct membrane-enclosed nucleus
Term
Eukaryotic Species
Definition
A group of closely-related organisms that can interbreed
Term
Fermentation
Definition
The enzymatic degradation of carbohydrates in which the final electron acceptor is an organize molecule. ATP is synthesized by the substrate-level phosphorylation, and oxygen is not required.
Term
Fungus
Definition
An organism that belongs to the Kingdom Fungi; a eukaryotic absorptive chemoheterotroph
Term
Germ Theory of Disease
Definition
The principle that microorganisms cause disease
Term
Microorganisms
Definition
A living organism too small to be seen with the naked eye; includes bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and microscopic algae; also includes virus 
Term
Pasteurization
Definition
The process of mild heating to kill particular spoilage microorganisms or pathogens
Term
Plantae
Definition
The kingdom composed of multicellular eukaryotes with cellulose cell walls
Term
Prokaryote
Definition
A cell whose genetic materials is not enclosed in a nuclear envelope
Term
Prokaryotic Species
Definition
A population of cells that share certain rRNA sequences; in conventional biochemical testing, it is a population of cells with similar characteristics 
Term
Prostheca
Definition
A stalk or bud protruding from a prokaryotic cell
Term
Protist
Definition
Term used for unicellular and simple multicellular eukaryotes; usually protozoa and algae
Term
rRNA
Definition
Recombinant DNA; a DNA molecule produced by combining DNA from two different sources
Term
Spirochete
Definition
A corkscrew-shaped bacterium with axial filaments
Term
Spontaneous Generation
Definition
The idea that life could arise spontaneously from nonliving matter
Term
Strain
Definition
Genetically different cells within a clone
Term
Synthetic Drug
Definition
A chemotherapeutic agent that is prepared from chemicals in a lab
Term
Taxonomy
Definition
The science of the classification of organisms
Term
Viral Species
Definition
A group of virus sharing the same genetic information and ecological niche
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