Term
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Definition
Objective
Objects in the world that are true |
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Definition
Subjective
Individual subject's (persons) beliefs |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Mode of inquiry
Systemic everyday empirical investigation
Everyday reasoning |
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Term
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Definition
| Objective features of arguments/reasoning |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
An end
A methodology for pursuing the end |
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Term
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Definition
| Clear and coherent global theory |
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Term
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Definition
| Set of tools for clarifying claims |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Clarity and coherence in our concepts
Ex. Concept of square or chair |
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Term
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Definition
| Moral judgment/couldn't let someone drown |
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Term
Kid Drowning
Cost
Benefit
Judgment
(4) |
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Definition
Cost: minimal (new clothes)
Benefit: saving human life
Benefits outweigh costs
Judgment: must save kid |
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Term
Starving Kid
Cost
Benefit
Judgment
(4) |
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Definition
Cost: Minimal ($250/yr)
Benefit: Saving human life
Benefits outweigh costs
Judgment: Optional to save kid/give to charity |
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Term
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Definition
| Relationship between thoughts, beliefs, attitudes, affirmations, desires |
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Term
Inferences and Arguments
Good Argument
(4) |
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Definition
Killing is wrong
Mark killed John
Mark did something wrong
Makes sense/ all involves killing |
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Term
Inferences and Arguments
Bad Argument
(5) |
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Definition
Sacramento is the capital of California
Chris is flying to Cali
Chris is flying to Sacramento
Conclusion doesn't follow premises
Invalid or unsound argument |
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Term
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Definition
| Argument is valid if there is no situation in which the premises are true and the conclusion false |
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Term
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Definition
| Whether something is true or not |
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Term
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Definition
| Only have to look at language/concepts to test their truth |
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Term
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Definition
| Have to look to the world to test their truth |
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Term
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Definition
Offer reasons for conclusion
Step 1: figure out the conclusion
Step 2: figure out the explicit premises |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Drowning/Starving Children
Morally relevant difference?
(3) |
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Definition
Distance
Drowning is close/starvation far away in Bengal
Distance can only matter if it impacts ability and knowledge |
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